Exercise Psychology final

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

A state of complete physical,
psychological, and social well-being,
and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity”

Question 2

What effect did phys activity have on depression and anxiety?

Answer 2

medium-positive

Question 3

Higher ___ phsyical activity was associated with ___

Answer 3

intensity, associated with greater improvements in symptoms

Question 4

Exercsie and sports can have ___ and __- effects on psychologucal health which is why sports and exercise psychologists are essential

Answer 4

Positive and detrimental

Question 5

Diversity and inclusion in sports and exercise

Answer 5

sexual and gender orientaiton
diabilities
weight bias
race and ethnicity

Question 6

How to be inclusive and diverse

Answer 6

Develop cultural awareness
Eliminate stereotypical language
Participate in diversity training
Get to know your clients

Question 7

What are the three levels of peronality?

Answer 7

Psychological core - attitudes and values
Real you, genetic makeup more internal, beliefs about yourself
Typical responses - adjustment to environment - how you adjust itiuation based
Role related - how you cant in specific situation

Question 8

What is trait approach of personality?

Answer 8

Focuses on the traits of an individual, what you learn and are born with
FOcuses on psychological core (triangle) not situation

Question 9

Whar are 5 big traits? - personality

Answer 9

nness, consciousness, extraversion, agreeableness - kindness understanding others, neuroticism - only negative one (hard time dealing with emotions)

Question 10

What is situation approach? - perosnality

Answer 10

Opposite of trait approach
Someone’s personality based on situation they are in
Situation leads to personality, eprsonality elads to situation
More like typical responses (on triangle)

Question 11

What is interactional approach? - perosnality

Answer 11

Mixing fo above two approaches in sport setting
Right in the middle of spectrum

Question 12

What is phenomenological approach?

Answer 12

Same as interactional approach but take in account lied expereinces
Psychological core, and the environment, and someone’s lives experiences or cognitive processes - trait and situation

Question 13

What is biopsychosocial approach?

Answer 13

The biopsychosocial approach is a model that considers the interconnection of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding and treating health and illness. Integrate these dimensions in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals.

Question 14

What are common personality traits in athletes?

Answer 14

High extraversion and conscntiosuness (finsihing smth completely) low neuroticism
small differences tho

Question 15

Name some psychological skills that cna be used - not so much about personality

Answer 15

1. Coping with adversity
2. Peaking under pressure
3. Goal setting and mental preparation
4. Concentration
5. Freedom from worry
6. Confidence
7. Coachabilit

Question 16

What is arousal?

Answer 16

“Arousal is a state of alertness or
readiness of an individual to perform a
task

Question 17

3 factors that might influence arousal and performance

Answer 17

1. Perception of Stressors
2. Type of task/activity
3. Individual skill level
4. Personality of individual (extraversion)

Question 18

what are the two type sof anxiery and 2 ways we feel anxiety?

Answer 18

Trait - mostly genetic but also negative environment
State - relative to current situation leads to decrease in performance

Feel anxiety as cognitive - thoughts or somatic - physiological feelin

Question 19

what is stress

Answer 19

a perceived imbalance
between the demands of the situation
and the capability of meeting those
demands

Question 20

what are 4 stages of stress?

Answer 20

Stage 1: environmental demand (Physical and psychological)
Stage 2: individuals perception of the environment demand (amount of psychological or physical “threat” perceived)
Stage 3: stress response (physical and psychological)
Arousal, state anxiety (cognitive and somatic), muscle tension, attention changes
Stage 4: behavioral consequences (performance or outcome)

Question 21

Strress can be ___ or ___

Answer 21

psoitive or negative - can improve arousal or lead to anxiety and deter performance

Question 22

What is psychologial skills training?

Answer 22

The consistent practice of mental skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, incr ejoyment or ahcieving greater satisfaction

Question 23

What are teh 3 phases of PST programs?

Answer 23

Education phase - how they work, learning bout them - quick
Aquisition phase - learning about the skills specifically - over a week
Practice phase - mastering the sill - rest of your life .

Question 24

What is the ultimate goal of PST?

Answer 24

self regulation - work towards short term and long term goals without needing constant direction

Question 25

What are two ways to decrease somatic anxiety?

Answer 25

Progressive relaxation
- tension and relaxation
in turn decreases mental tension
can be used in performance situations

breath control
- 1 ration of inhalation to exhalation - 4 in and 8 out
- best used during timeouts and break

Question 26

How can you decrease cognitive anxiety?

Answer 26

Relaxation response
- Distractions and external stim minimized
Comfortable position that can be maintained for a while. Don’t fall asleep.
* Mental device (e.g., a single word or thought to focus on).
* A passive attitude towards thoughts and feelings

Question 27

What is the matching hypothsesis?

Answer 27

Cognitive anxiety should be treated with mental relation and somatic anxiety should be treated with physical relaxation

Question 28

How can we increase arousal?

Answer 28

Inc breathing rate
Act energized
Positive statements
Yelling or shouting
Music
Energizing imagery
Precompetitive workout
Pep talks

Question 29

What is imagery?

Answer 29

the creation or re-creation of an
experience in one’s mind. It is a form of simulation;
one can re-create either positive experiences or
challenges that may arise to prepare for the
unexpected.”
(Weinberg & Gould, 2023)

Question 30

What are the uses of imagery?

Answer 30

Improve concentration
* Enhance motivation
* Build confidence
* Control emotional responses
* Acquire, practice, and correct skills
* Practice strategy
* Prepare for competition
* Cope with pain and injury
* Solve problems

Question 31

What 3 things have shown that imagery are effective

Answer 31

Case studies - psotivie effect on confidence and coping w anxiety
Scientific experiment - in leanring and performing motor skills
Qualitative research - pos relationship between imagery and performance

Question 32

What are the 5 characteristics of imagery?

Answer 32

Modality
- What senses are you using
Perspective
- Internal or external
Angle
- External only: where is the viewing taking place
Agency
- The author
Deliberation
- Deliberate or spontaneous

Question 33

When is imagery sued?

Answer 33

Before, during, and after
practice, as well as before competition.”

Question 34

What does good imagery use?

Answer 34

vividness - use all their senses to make their images as vivid and detailed as possible.

Question 35

What is PETTLEP?

Answer 35

Physical nature of the movement
Specifics of environment
Type of Task
Timing of movement
Learning content of the movement
Emotion fo the movement
Perspective of the person