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Virology Exam 2 > Herpesvirus > Flashcards

Herpesvirus Flashcards

1
Q

Herpesviridae morphology

A

Enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic

icosahedral capsid, T=16

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2
Q

Herpesvirus capsid contains a globular material called ___

A

Tegument

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3
Q

Herpesvirus genome

A

monopartite, linear, double-stranded DNA genome

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4
Q

Herpes virus replication occurs in ___

A

the nucleus

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5
Q

T or F

some herpesviruses are oncogenic

A

True

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6
Q

Herpesvirus inclusion bodies

A

Type A Cowdry bodies, eosinophilic intranuclear , composed of nucleic acid and protein

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7
Q

herpesvirus facilitates cell-to-cell fusion that spread the infection and avoids the immune system

A

Syncytium

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8
Q

Herpesvirus capsid contains a globular material called ___

A

Tegument

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9
Q

Bovine Herpesvirus belongs to subfamily ____

A

Alpha herpesvirus

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10
Q

3 subtypes of bovine herpesvirus

A

Respiratory
Genital
Encephalitic

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11
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: transmission

A

Respiratory disease and conjunctivitis from droplets

Genital disease from coitus

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12
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: Pathogenesis

A

1st- cell-asso. viremia
focal epithelial cell necrosis, inclusions may be in nuclei
intense inflammatory response
life long latency in Trigeminal n. (resp.) and Sciatic n. (genital)

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13
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: Clinical signs - Respiratory

A

red nose, necrotic rhinitis, dust pneumonia
mucopurulent nasal discharge, death maybe by 2nd infection
conjunctivits, abortion, systemic infected calves

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14
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: Clinical signs - genital

A

Infectious pustular vaginitis (IPV)

swollen vulva, mild discharge, inflamed pustules on penis

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15
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: control

A

modified live vaccines

combination or multivalent vaccines

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16
Q

Bovine herpesvirus 2 causes ___

A

Bovine ulcerative mammillitis

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease

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17
Q

BUM: hosts

A

cows, usually in 2 weeks of calving

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18
Q

BUM: transmission

A

direct contact and fomites by damage to skin

Mechanical by arthropods

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19
Q

BUM: Clinical signs

A

swollen, painful teats, bluish skin and exudates serum to ulcers
reduce milk yield, mastitis

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20
Q

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease: transmission

A

Mechanically by arthropods

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21
Q

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease: Clinical signs

A

mild fever, skin nodules with flat surface and depressed center

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22
Q

Porcine herpesvirus 1 causes ___

A

Pseudorabies (Aujeszky disease, Mad itch)

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23
Q

Pseudorabies: transmission

A

recovered pigs are primary reservoir (also rats)

shed in saliva, nasal discharge, and milk

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24
Q

Pseudorabies: Pathogenesis

A

primary- upper respiratory tract, spreads by lymphatics
to CNS (pons and medulla)
-ganglioneuritis, nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, perivascular cuffing

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25
Q

Pseudorabies: Clinical signs

A

Varies per age
sows- poor fertility, abortions, weak piglets
piglets- CNS signs, death, stunted growth and resp. distress

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26
Q

Pseudorabies: 2nd hosts - Mad itch

A

intense pruritus, self harm

drooling, paralysis of jaws

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27
Q

Pseudorabies: Diagnosis

A

history and CS

Histopathology, Serology, nucleic acid by PCR

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28
Q

T or F

Pseudorabies vaccine protects from infection

A

False

But it may alleviate clinical signs

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29
Q

Equine Herpesvirus-1: transmission

A

Inhalation

Direct or indirect contact with nasal discharge, aborted fetuses, placenta, or fluids

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30
Q

EHV-1 can reside latently in the ____ ganglia and in ___cytes

A

Trigeminal ganglia of CNS

Lymphocytes

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31
Q

EHV-1: Pathogenesis

A

cell-asso. viremia, spreads into endothelial ling of blood vessels in CNS and uterus

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32
Q

EHV-1 immunosuppressed the host by inhibiting the ___ protein

A

TAP protein

blocks delivery of antigen to MHC I molecules

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33
Q

EHV-1 causes

A

Respiratory disease- rhinopneumonitis, younger
Encephalomyelopathy
Reproductive form - abortions

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34
Q

Equine Herpesvirus 4 causes _____ disease

A

Equine viral rhinopneumonitis

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35
Q

EVR: transmission

A

sporadic infections,

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36
Q

EVR: clinical signs

A

upper respiratory tract disease

nasal discharge- mucoid or mucopurulent discharge, mild coughing, fever, rarely abortion

37
Q

T or F

Vaccine immunity of Equine Herpesvirus is short-lived

A

True

38
Q

Canine herpesvirus is known for ___

A

Hemorrhagic disease of puppies (Fading puppy syndrome)

39
Q

HDP: transmission

A

contact of infected secretions from dam
In-utero transmission
passage through birth canal
older- direct contact, vernerally

40
Q

HDP: pathogenesis

A

fetus- leukocyte-asso. viremia = CNS signs, abortion

other- localized infection= latency

41
Q

2 main factors in managing HDP

A

Body temperature of puppies

Maternal immunity

42
Q

HDP: clinical signs of puppies

A

painful crying, abdominal pain, anorexia, dyspnea, soft greenish stools
*Hemorrhagic, necrotic foci in kidneys

43
Q

HDP: clinical signs of adults

A

vaginal hyperemia, discharge and vesicular lesions, abortions
mild respiratory infection
conjunctivitis

44
Q

HDP: diagnosis

A

focal necrosis on organs

intranuclear inclusion bodies, culture, PCR, serology

45
Q

HDP: control

A

keep puppies warm, isolation

no vaccine

46
Q

Feline herpesvirus-1 causes ___

A

Feline rhinotracheitis

47
Q

FHV-1: transmission

A

Direct contact with infected cat secretions

Recovered cats become latent carriers

48
Q

FHV-1: pathogenesis

A

upper respiratory infection

multifocal epithelial necrosis, inflammation and fibrinous exudation

49
Q

FHV-1: clinical signs

A

Kittens (

50
Q

FHV-1: eye ulcer diagnosis

A

Fluroescein ophthalmic strips

florescien stain

51
Q

FHV-1: Diagnosis

A

CS, histopathology, virus isolation, serology, PCR

52
Q

3 types of FHV-1 vaccine

A

modified live virus parenterally
MLV intranasally
inactivated vaccine parenterally

53
Q

Gallid Herpesvirus 1 causes ____

A

Infectious Laryngotracheitis

54
Q

Gallid herpesvirus 2 causes ____

A

Marek’s disease

55
Q

(ILT) Infectious Laryngotracheitis: transmission

A

mostly inhalation
droplets to conjunctiva, ingestion
recovered chickens are carriers

56
Q

ILT: Pathogenesis

A

severe laryngotracheitis = necrosis, hemorrhage, ulceration, and diphtheritic membranes
membranes can cause asphyxia

57
Q

ILT latency persists in ____ ganglia

A

Trigeminal ganglion

58
Q

ILT: clinical signs

A

mild coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, depression

low morbidity for conjunctivis

59
Q

Severe form of respiratory distress has a distinctive raised neck with extended head during inspiration called ___

A

Pump handle respiration

60
Q

ILT: diagnosis

A

CS, tracheal plug, histopathology, virus growth in embryonated eggs, PCR

61
Q

ILT: control

A

Complete culling of infected population and disinfection of environment

62
Q

3 types of ILT vaccine

A

Chick embryo origin
Tissue culture origin
Pox-vectored recombinant vaccine

63
Q

Marek’s disease is caused by ___

A

Gallid herpesvirus 2

64
Q

4 forms of gallid herpesvirus 2

A

Mild
Virulent
Very virulent
very virulent plus

65
Q

Marek’s disease: virus is detectable in ____ organs

A

spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius

66
Q

Marek’s disease is normally cell-asso. Cell free infections can only be detected in ___

A

Dander of feather follicles

67
Q

Marek’s disease: Clinical lesions

A

Neuro, virceral, ocular, cutaneous lymphomatosis

68
Q

Marek’s disease: diagnosis

A

Clinical signs, necropsy, histopathology, PCR, cell culture, CAM inoculation

69
Q

T or F

Marek’s disease is a reportable disease

A

True

70
Q

Betaherpesvirus Characteristics

A

slow replicating viruses, chronic infections. Enlarged cells (cytomegaly), latent form in secretory glands and macrophages and lymphocytes

71
Q

Porcine herpesvirus 2 causes ___

A 
Inclusion body Rhinitis a.k.a
Procine cytomegalovirus (PCMV)
72
Q

PCMV: hosts

A

pigs, 2-10 weeks

severe seen in

73
Q

PCMV: Transmission

A

Inhalation

Transplacental

74
Q

PCMV: Pathogenesis

A

Widespread petechiae and edema
commonly in thoracic cavity and SQ tissues
Placental- abortion, mummies

75
Q

PCMV: Clinical signs

A
76
Q

Gammaherpesvirus characterisitics

A

Lymphotropic, slow cytopathic for epithelial and fibroblastic cells (death w/o virion prod.)
continous shedding, latency in lymphoid tissue, can cause lymphoid tumors

77
Q

Gammaherpesvirus causes ___

A

Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)

78
Q

Two most important MCF viruses are ____

A

Alcephaline herpesvirus-1 (AHV-1)
- wildebeest asso.
Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2)
- sheep asso.

79
Q

Wildebeests are also called

A

Gnus

80
Q

T or F

AHV-1 does not cause disease in wildebeest

A

True

81
Q

AHV-1: transmission to cattle

A

direct contact with nasal and ocular secretions, aerosol of young wildebeest

82
Q

OvHV-2: transmission

A

respiratory, transplacental, contact with nasal secretions

Unknown transmission to cattle

83
Q

T or F

MCF can be transmitted from cattle to cattle

A

False

Cattle are dead-end hosts

84
Q

MCF: pathogenesis

A

cell-asso. viremia. necrotizing vasculitis

epithelial erosions and keratoconjunctivitis

85
Q

MCF: 4 forms of clinical signs

A

Peracute-sudden death
Head and Eye- most common
Intestinal form- death by diarrhea
mild form- recovery expected

86
Q

MCF: Head and eye signs

A

reddened eyelids, nasal discharge, salivation, erosions of oral mucosa
lymph node swells, horn and hoof slough, CNS signs

87
Q

Necropsy sign of MCF is severe linear congestion of colon mucosa called ___

A

Zebra striping

88
Q

MCF: control

A

Separation from wildebeest and sheep

No vaccine

Virology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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