Hernias Flashcards
Abdominal hernias
Umbilical Ventral midline Lateral abdominal Diaphragmatic Caudal abdominal
What are the categories of Abdominal hernias?
Reducible
Incarcerated
Strangulated
What are the three portions of Hernia Anatomy?
Ring
Sac
Contents
What are the clinical signs of herniation?
Swelling
True hernia
opening through normal aperture, containing a complete peritoneal sac
False hernia
Do not contain a complete peritoneal sac, usually created by trauma or after breakdown of surgical entry
What type of hernia is common in horses?
Indirect (true) hernia
Inguinal hernia
intestinal contents within the inguinal canal
Scrotal hernia
intestine continues into the scrotum
What breeds of horse are predisposed to hernias?
Draft breed American saddlebreds Standardbreds Andalusians TWH
What congenital inguinal hernias are most common?
Unilateral
What is the treatment for congenital inguinal hernia?
Resolve spontaneously (3-6 months)
Confine to box stall
Show owner how to reduce several times daily
Support/inguinal bandage
Ruptured inguinal hernia
4-48 hours after birth in foals
Clinical signs of Ruptured inguinal hernia
Intermittent colic
Depression
Severe scrotal/preputial swelling
Clinical signs of inguinal hernia
Scrotal swelling
Testicle often cool due to vascular compromise
Colic
What are the most common contents in the inguinal hernia?
Distal jejunum and ileum
What type of hernia is an inguinal hernia?
true (indirect) hernia
Inguinal hernia
Distal jejunum and ileum contents pass through the vaginal ring into vaginal tunic
Why is the size of the external inguinal ring irrelevant to the development of inguinal hernia?
it must pass through the internal inguinal hernia before the external inguinal hernia
What is the reason for congenital inguinal hernia surgical intervention ?
Failure to resolve
Enlargement
Rent in vaginal sac has allowed escape into SQ tissue
Advantages of Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy
Faster procedure
minimal post op swelling
rapid return to normal activity
How do you prevent Reherniation?
Ligating spermatic cord during castration
Pack inguinal cavity with gauze for 24-48 hours post op
Superficial ring closed using heavy absorbable suture
In what breed of cattle is indirect inguinal hernia common?
Beef breeds
Surgical intervention of hernia in cattle
direct approach over superficial inguinal ring
What is the most common type of hernia i horses?
Umbilical
Parietal (Richter) hernia
Antimesenteric wall of ileum incarcerated
What is the cause of umbilical hernia?
Trauma to umbilical cord during birth
Excessive straining
umbilical cord infection
What are the content of a foals umbilical hernia?
Subperitoneal fat
Omentum
Viscera
What is the most common viscera in the umbilical hernia in foals?
Ileum or small intestine
What is the conservative treatment for umbilical heria?
Palpate daily for changes in `size
Usually resolves by 4 months of age
What is the surgical treatment for umbilical heria?
Hernia clamp
Direct surgical repair
What is the preferred surgical treatment of umbilical hernia?
Open
What are the 5 categories of umbilical hernias in calves?
Uncomplicated hernias Hernias with SQ infection/abscessation Hernia with infection of umbilical remnant Umbilical abscesses/chronic omphalitis Urachal cysts/ruptures
What is the most common birth defect in cattle?
Umbilical hernia
What is the most common viscera in the umbilical hernial sac?
Abomasum
Conservative treatment for uncomplicated hernias in cattle?
Only if less than 5 cm and reducible
Hernia clamps
Elastrator bands
Abdominal support bandages
When would you perform surgical intervention on uncomplicated hernia in cattle?
if greater than 5 cm long
Open herniorrhaphy
What are the post-op complications of herniorrhapy in cattle?
Abscess
Seroma/hematoma
Dehiscence
What is the most frequently infected remnant in calves?
Urachus
What is the treatment of localized Omphalophlebitis in calves?
Ligate the umbilical vein and remove en bloc
What is the treatment of extending cranially Omphalophlebitis in calves?
marsupialization
separate incision on ventral abdomen
wall of the umbilical vein secured to the body wall
Irrigate marsupialized tract daily
