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RUSVM Large Animal Surgery 2017 > Hernias > Flashcards

Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal hernias

A 
Umbilical 
Ventral midline 
Lateral abdominal
Diaphragmatic 
Caudal abdominal
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2
Q

What are the categories of Abdominal hernias?

A

Reducible
Incarcerated
Strangulated

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3
Q

What are the three portions of Hernia Anatomy?

A

Ring
Sac
Contents

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of herniation?

A

Swelling

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5
Q

True hernia

A

opening through normal aperture, containing a complete peritoneal sac

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6
Q

False hernia

A

Do not contain a complete peritoneal sac, usually created by trauma or after breakdown of surgical entry

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7
Q

What type of hernia is common in horses?

A

Indirect (true) hernia

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8
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

intestinal contents within the inguinal canal

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9
Q

Scrotal hernia

A

intestine continues into the scrotum

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10
Q

What breeds of horse are predisposed to hernias?

A 
Draft breed
American saddlebreds
Standardbreds
Andalusians
TWH
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11
Q

What congenital inguinal hernias are most common?

A

Unilateral

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12
Q

What is the treatment for congenital inguinal hernia?

A

Resolve spontaneously (3-6 months)
Confine to box stall
Show owner how to reduce several times daily
Support/inguinal bandage

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13
Q

Ruptured inguinal hernia

A

4-48 hours after birth in foals

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14
Q

Clinical signs of Ruptured inguinal hernia

A

Intermittent colic
Depression
Severe scrotal/preputial swelling

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15
Q

Clinical signs of inguinal hernia

A

Scrotal swelling
Testicle often cool due to vascular compromise
Colic

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16
Q

What are the most common contents in the inguinal hernia?

A

Distal jejunum and ileum

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17
Q

What type of hernia is an inguinal hernia?

A

true (indirect) hernia

18
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Distal jejunum and ileum contents pass through the vaginal ring into vaginal tunic

19
Q

Why is the size of the external inguinal ring irrelevant to the development of inguinal hernia?

A

it must pass through the internal inguinal hernia before the external inguinal hernia

20
Q

What is the reason for congenital inguinal hernia surgical intervention ?

A

Failure to resolve
Enlargement
Rent in vaginal sac has allowed escape into SQ tissue

21
Q

Advantages of Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy

A

Faster procedure
minimal post op swelling
rapid return to normal activity

22
Q

How do you prevent Reherniation?

A

Ligating spermatic cord during castration
Pack inguinal cavity with gauze for 24-48 hours post op
Superficial ring closed using heavy absorbable suture

23
Q

In what breed of cattle is indirect inguinal hernia common?

A

Beef breeds

24
Q

Surgical intervention of hernia in cattle

A

direct approach over superficial inguinal ring

25
Q

What is the most common type of hernia i horses?

A

Umbilical

26
Q

Parietal (Richter) hernia

A

Antimesenteric wall of ileum incarcerated

27
Q

What is the cause of umbilical hernia?

A

Trauma to umbilical cord during birth
Excessive straining
umbilical cord infection

28
Q

What are the content of a foals umbilical hernia?

A

Subperitoneal fat
Omentum
Viscera

29
Q

What is the most common viscera in the umbilical hernia in foals?

A

Ileum or small intestine

30
Q

What is the conservative treatment for umbilical heria?

A

Palpate daily for changes in `size

Usually resolves by 4 months of age

31
Q

What is the surgical treatment for umbilical heria?

A

Hernia clamp

Direct surgical repair

32
Q

What is the preferred surgical treatment of umbilical hernia?

A

Open

33
Q

What are the 5 categories of umbilical hernias in calves?

A 
Uncomplicated hernias 
Hernias with SQ infection/abscessation 
Hernia with infection of umbilical remnant 
Umbilical abscesses/chronic omphalitis
Urachal cysts/ruptures
34
Q

What is the most common birth defect in cattle?

A

Umbilical hernia

35
Q

What is the most common viscera in the umbilical hernial sac?

A

Abomasum

36
Q

Conservative treatment for uncomplicated hernias in cattle?

A

Only if less than 5 cm and reducible
Hernia clamps
Elastrator bands
Abdominal support bandages

37
Q

When would you perform surgical intervention on uncomplicated hernia in cattle?

A

if greater than 5 cm long

Open herniorrhaphy

38
Q

What are the post-op complications of herniorrhapy in cattle?

A

Abscess
Seroma/hematoma
Dehiscence

39
Q

What is the most frequently infected remnant in calves?

A

Urachus

40
Q

What is the treatment of localized Omphalophlebitis in calves?

A

Ligate the umbilical vein and remove en bloc

41
Q

What is the treatment of extending cranially Omphalophlebitis in calves?

A

marsupialization
separate incision on ventral abdomen
wall of the umbilical vein secured to the body wall
Irrigate marsupialized tract daily

RUSVM Large Animal Surgery 2017 (14 decks)

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