Hernias

Question 1

What is a hernia?

Answer 1

A hernia is a protrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond the normal abdominal wall- beyond the confines of the normal contents

Question 2

What does a henria consist of?

Answer 2

The sac, the contents of the sac and the coverings of the sac

Question 3

What are somes of the bases of the abdominal hernias?

Answer 3

Weaknesses of the abdominal wall, such as the inguinal canal, the femoral canal and the umbilicus as wrll as any previous incisions in the abdominal wall

Question 4

What is the inguinal canal?

Answer 4

An oblique passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall, in males the structures pass from the abdomen testis whereas in females the structures pass from a round ligament which goes from the uterus labium majus

Question 5

What is guberculum?

Answer 5

A condensed band of mesenchyme that links the inferior protion of the testis to the labioscaral swelling

Question 6

What are the layers of abdominal wall in front of the inguinal canal?

Answer 6

The skin, the superficial fascia, the depe fascia, the external oblique

Question 7

What are the layers behing the ingunial canal?

Answer 7

The tranversalis fascia, the transversus abdominsus, the internal oblique ligament

Question 8

What is the floo rof the inguinal canal?

Answer 8

Inguinal ligamnet and the lacunar ligament (medially)

Question 9

What is the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 9

The internal oblique and the tranversus abdominus , the muscual arches and the aponeurosis u

Question 10

What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 10

The tranveralsiis fascia- there is also the deep ring for any entry and exit of different substances and there is also the conjoint tendon medially

Question 11

What is the anterior wall???

Answer 11

Teh alor eurosis aof the external oblique, and has a superfical ring which can act as an exit

Question 12

Where is the deep ring of the inguinal canal found?

Answer 12

The tranveraslsi fascia

Question 13

What is the improtatn landmarks in determing the causes of an inguinal hernia?

Answer 13

The inferior epigastric vessels, indirect inguinal henias are found laterally and the direct inguinal hernias are found medially fermoal hernias are also fluond medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 14

What are the borders of hesselbachs triangle?

Answer 14

The rectus abdomisus muscles (meidal) , the lacunar and the inguinal ligament(posteriorly), and the inferior epigastric artery and vein (lateral)

Question 15

What is the singifcance of hesselbachs triangle?

Answer 15

All direct inguinal hernias pass through hesselbachs triangle

Question 16

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 16

Passes through the deep inguinal ring, then the inguinal canal and then the superficial inguinal ring, and depdning on where the proccesses vaginalis was obliterated can pass into the scrotum

Question 17

What is a direct inguianl hernia?

Answer 17

Bulges through hesselbachs triangle p, generally in the vincity of the superficial inguinal ring

Question 18

What is the anatomical difference between a direct and a indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 18

An indirect inguinal hernia is lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, where as a direct inguinal hernia is medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 19

What are some of the key features of a femroal her ia?

Answer 19

More common in females, as the pelvis anatomy is different, and can easily get stuck, inacertated and then strangulate

Question 20

Where apdoes a fermoal hernia pass through?

Answer 20

The femoral ring, and leaves through the saphenous opening

Question 21

What are some of the key features of an umbilical hernia?

Answer 21

Omphlocele, contents herniate into the umbilical cord, has peritoneal covering, and is different to gastrochisis, it is acquired infantile and the contents herniate through weakness in the scar of umbilicus

Question 22

What is a epigastric he ria?

Answer 22

Occurs through the linea alba, between the xiphodi process and the umbilicus, and usually starts with small hernia, extra poking through the linea alba and chronic straining forces more fat out and can eventually oull the peritoneum through

Question 23

What are teh symptoms of a epigastric hernia?

Answer 23

Pain, vomiting and sepsis

Question 24

What is an incacerted hernia?

Answer 24

Is stuck and irreducible

Question 25

What is a strangluated hernia?

Answer 25

Blood supply is disrupted and can lead to necrosis