Hernias Flashcards
What is a hernia?
A hernia is a protrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond the normal abdominal wall- beyond the confines of the normal contents
What does a henria consist of?
The sac, the contents of the sac and the coverings of the sac
What are somes of the bases of the abdominal hernias?
Weaknesses of the abdominal wall, such as the inguinal canal, the femoral canal and the umbilicus as wrll as any previous incisions in the abdominal wall
What is the inguinal canal?
An oblique passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall, in males the structures pass from the abdomen testis whereas in females the structures pass from a round ligament which goes from the uterus labium majus
What is guberculum?
A condensed band of mesenchyme that links the inferior protion of the testis to the labioscaral swelling
What are the layers of abdominal wall in front of the inguinal canal?
The skin, the superficial fascia, the depe fascia, the external oblique
What are the layers behing the ingunial canal?
The tranversalis fascia, the transversus abdominsus, the internal oblique ligament
What is the floo rof the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligamnet and the lacunar ligament (medially)
What is the roof of the inguinal canal?
The internal oblique and the tranversus abdominus , the muscual arches and the aponeurosis u
What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
The tranveralsiis fascia- there is also the deep ring for any entry and exit of different substances and there is also the conjoint tendon medially
What is the anterior wall???
Teh alor eurosis aof the external oblique, and has a superfical ring which can act as an exit
Where is the deep ring of the inguinal canal found?
The tranveraslsi fascia
What is the improtatn landmarks in determing the causes of an inguinal hernia?
The inferior epigastric vessels, indirect inguinal henias are found laterally and the direct inguinal hernias are found medially fermoal hernias are also fluond medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
What are the borders of hesselbachs triangle?
The rectus abdomisus muscles (meidal) , the lacunar and the inguinal ligament(posteriorly), and the inferior epigastric artery and vein (lateral)
What is the singifcance of hesselbachs triangle?
All direct inguinal hernias pass through hesselbachs triangle
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
Passes through the deep inguinal ring, then the inguinal canal and then the superficial inguinal ring, and depdning on where the proccesses vaginalis was obliterated can pass into the scrotum
What is a direct inguianl hernia?
Bulges through hesselbachs triangle p, generally in the vincity of the superficial inguinal ring
What is the anatomical difference between a direct and a indirect inguinal hernia?
An indirect inguinal hernia is lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, where as a direct inguinal hernia is medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
What are some of the key features of a femroal her ia?
More common in females, as the pelvis anatomy is different, and can easily get stuck, inacertated and then strangulate
Where apdoes a fermoal hernia pass through?
The femoral ring, and leaves through the saphenous opening
What are some of the key features of an umbilical hernia?
Omphlocele, contents herniate into the umbilical cord, has peritoneal covering, and is different to gastrochisis, it is acquired infantile and the contents herniate through weakness in the scar of umbilicus
What is a epigastric he ria?
Occurs through the linea alba, between the xiphodi process and the umbilicus, and usually starts with small hernia, extra poking through the linea alba and chronic straining forces more fat out and can eventually oull the peritoneum through
What are teh symptoms of a epigastric hernia?
Pain, vomiting and sepsis
What is an incacerted hernia?
Is stuck and irreducible
