Heredity and Disease Flashcards
threadlike structures in the nuclei of cells that carry an individual’s genetic information
chromosomes
any abnormality observed in a newborn that occurred during development
congenital (birth) defect
the chemical substance that carries all of a person’s genetic information in chromosomes in cells
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
visual display of all of a person’s chromosomes that can detect chromosomal abnormalities characteristic of inherited diseases
karyotype
any disease resulting from the inheritance of defective genes or chromosomes from one or both parents
hereditary (genetic) disease
any environmental agent that causes abnormal development of a fetus
teratogen
birth defects and mental disabilities caused by ingestion of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy
fetal alchohol syndrome (FAS)
information to help prospective parents evaluate the risks of having or delivering a child with a genetic abnormality
genetic counseling
medically supervised procedures that identify changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins to conform or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or passing on o children a genetic disorder
genetic testing
a procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus and tested to determine whether genetic or anatomical defects exist in the fetus
amniocentesis
a prenatal procedure used to determine whether genetic or anatomical defects exist in a fetus; an alternative to amniocentesis
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
use of sound waves to visualize the fetus in the womb
ultrasound scanning
cells derives from human fertilized eggs grown in laboratory dishes; stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into many different tissues and organs
embryonic stem cells
a technique for replacing defective genes with normal ones in certain tissues of a person affected with a hereditary disease
gene therapy
a method to precisely add, change, or remove segments of DNA
genome editing
