Drug Use & Abuse Flashcards
a single chemical substance that alters one or more of the body’s biological functions
drug
drugs used to prevent, treat, or cure illness; aid healing; or suppress symptoms
medicine
tailoring drugs to a particular individual to match her or his biology
pharmacogenetics
protein on the surface or inside of a cell to which a drug or natural substance can bind and thereby affect cell function
receptor
unintended, unpleasant, and/or harmful reactions to a medicinal product
adverse drug reaction
any medical reason for not taking a particular drug
contraindication
when neither the person receiving the drug nor the person administering the drug knows whether patients receive a placebo or the drug
double-blind-placebo controlled trial
an allergic reaction to a drug
drug hypersensitivity
the reemergence of symptoms for which a drug is administered after the drug is suddenly stopped or the dose lessened
rebound effect
unintended and often harmful actions of a drug
side effects
an environmental agent or drug that alters development of a fetus
teratogen
the marketing of prescription drugs to consumers to stimulate demand for a drug
direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA)
drugs that do not require a prescription
over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
any substance that primarily alters mood, perception, and other brain functions
psychoactive
persistant or excessive use of a drug with out medical or health reasons
drug abuse
physical and psychological dependence on a drug, substance, or behavior
addiction
a stimulant drug, obtained from the leaves of the coca shrub, that causes feelings of exhilaration, euphoria, and physical vigor
cocoaine
psychological dependence arising from repeated use of a drug
habituation
a physiological state that depends on the continuous presence of a drug; absence of the drug may cause discomfort, nervousness, headaches, and sweating (withdrawal symptoms) and sometimes death
physical dependence
dependence that results because a drug produces pleasant mental effects
phychological dependence
substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system
stimulants
a condition in which increases amounts of a drug or increases exposure to an addictive behavior is required to produce desired effects
tolerance
uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous reactions that occur after a person stops taking a physically addicting drug
withdrawal symptoms
synthetic drugs that stimulate the central nervous system and sometimes produce hallucinogenic states
amphetamines
a natural stimulant found in a variety of plants; commonly found in tea, coffee, chocolate, and soft drinks
caffeine
psychoactive chemicals used at parties, dances, festivals, and raves to enhance social experiences and increase sensory stimulation
club drugs
a club drug with both stimulant and pleasurable effects
Ecstasy (MDMA)
a dangerous club drug with unpleasant side effects
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
the sticky resin of the Cannabis plant
hashish
central nervous system depressants used to induce drowsiness and encourage sleep
hypnotics
an anesthetic used as a club drug
ketamine
a psychoactive substance resent in the dried leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds of plants of the genus Cannabis
marijuana
central nervous system depressants derived from the opium poppy
opiates
a powerful tranquilizer used as a club drug
Rohypnol
central nervous system depressants uses to relieve anxiety, fear, and apprehension
sedatives
central nervous system depressants that relax the body and calm anxiety
tranquilizers
psychoactive substances that alter sensory processing in the brain, producing visual or auditory sensations that are not real (ie, that are hallucinatory)
hallucinogens
a powerful hallucinogen chemical; ingestion alters brain chemistry and produces a variety of hallucinogenic and behavioral effects
LSD
drug that, depending on the route of administration and dose, can be a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogen; originally developed as an animal anesthetic
phencyclidine (PCP)
vaporous substances that, when inhales, produce alcohol-like intoxication
inhalants
anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of which hormone: A. estrogen B. testosterone C. insulin D. oxytocin
B. testosterone
