Building Immunity & Reducing Infections

Question 1

the total composition of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms that inhabit a human body

Answer 1

human microbiome

Question 2

a disease-causing organism

Answer 2

pathogen

Question 3

transplanting fecal material from a healthy donor to the colon of an unwell person to create a healthful change in the patient’s intestinal microbiome

Answer 3

fecal microbiota transplantation

Question 4

an infectious disease that is usually transmitted from person to person

Answer 4

communicable disease

Question 5

specific cause of disease

Answer 5

etiology

Question 6

a disease of red blood cells that produces fever, anemia, and death

Answer 6

malaria

Question 7

the carrier of infectious organisms from animals to people or from person to person

Answer 7

vector

Question 8

a chemical substance that carries genetic information in all cells of all organisms

Answer 8

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 9

an antibiotic produced by mold and capable of curing many bacterial infections

Answer 9

penicillin

Question 10

specialized cells that destroy and eliminate foreign particles and microorganisms from the body

Answer 10

macrophages

Question 11

white blood cells that fight infections

Answer 11

leukocytes

Question 12

microscopic hairs in the lining of the bronchial tubes

Answer 12

cilia

Question 13

a serious, difficult-to-diagnose infectious disease caused by bacteria deposited by ticks when they bite

Answer 13

Lyme disease

Question 14

an infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, common among college-age adults

Answer 14

mononucleosis

Question 15

open sores in the stomach from infection by the bacterium H. pylori

Answer 15

gastric ulcers

Question 16

serious disease of the liver caused by hepatitis virus A, B. C, D, or E also caused by chemicals and alcohol

Answer 16

hepatitis

Question 17

infections that newly appear, or re-emerge, within a vulnerable population of people or known infections that are suddenly spreading rapidly

Answer 17

emerging infectious diseases

Question 18

proteins that recognize and inactivate viruses, bacteria, and other organisms and toxic substances that enter the body

Answer 18

antibodies

Question 19

an interacting system of organs and cells that protect the body from infectious organisms and harmful substances

Answer 19

immune system

Question 20

nodules spaces along the lymphatic vessels that trap infectious organisms or foreign particles

Answer 20

lymph nodes

Question 21

a system of vessels in the body that trap foreign organisms and particles; the immune system is part of the lymphatic system

Answer 21

lymphatic system

Question 22

cells of the immune system that attack foreign organisms that infect the body

Answer 22

T cells

Question 23

foreign proteins on infectious organisms that stimulate an antibody response

Answer 23

antigens

Question 24

cells of the immune system that produce antibodies

Answer 24

B cells

Question 25

small molecules that coordinate the activities of B cells and T cells

Answer 25

cytokines