Cardiovascular Disease: Prevention & Risks Flashcards
the large artery that transports blood from the heart to the body
aorta
any of a series of blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body
arteries
extremely small blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to tissues
capillaries
any disease that causes damage to the heart or the body’s blood vessels
cardiovascular disease (CVD)
two arteries arising from the aorta that supply blood vessels to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
disease caused by fatty deposits in the heart’s coronary arteries that impede or completely clock the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle cells
coronary heart disease (CHD)
death of, or damage to, part of the heat muscle caused by an insufficient blood supply
heart attack
muscular wall of the heart that contracts and relaxes
myocardium
death of brain cells due to an insufficient supply of blood to the bran, resulting in loss of muscle function, loss of speech, or other symptoms
stroke (brain attack)
blood vessels that return blood from tissues to the heart
veins
rapid, erratic contraction of the upper chambers of the heart
arterial fibrillation (“a-fib”)
an electrical device that can restart a heart that has stopped beating by delivering electrical shocks to it
defibrillator
a test that shows the rate and rhythm of the heart beat
electrocardiogram (EKG)
the region of the heart that produces an electrical signal that causes the heart to contract
sinoatrial node
an electrical device implanted in the chest to control irregular heartbeats
pacemarker
irregular quivering of the lower chambers of the heart
ventricular fibrillation
a physician who specializes in diseases of the heart
cardiologist
an emergency lifesaving procedure used to revive someone who has stopped breathing or suffered cardiac arrest
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
when the heart is weakened to the degree it cannot pump blood throughout the body
heart failure
damage to heart valves from bacterial infection
rheumatic heart disease
swelling of veins (usually in the legs) resulting from defective valves
varicose veins
hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
a disease process in which fatty deposits (plaques) build up in the arteries and block the flow of blood
atherosclerosis
an inherited disease causing extremely high levels of cholesterol in the blood
familial hyperlipidemia
the carrier of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for removal from the circulation; carrier of “good” cholesterol
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
spherical particles that transport cholesterol and fat (TG) in the blood
lipoproteins
the carrier of “bad” cholesterol in blood
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
deposit of fatty substances in the inner lining of arteries
plaque
a class of drugs that block synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood
statins
a protein in blood that is a measure of chronic inflammation and risk of a heart attack
C-reactive protein (CRP)
medical term for chest pain caused by coronary heart disease; a condition in which the heart muscle doesn’t receive enough blood, resulting in chest pain
angina pectoris
visualization of blocked coronary arteries by using a catheter and monitoring blood flow in coronary arteries; a dye is injected through the catheter
cardiac catheterization
surgery to improve blood supply to the heart muscle by replacing the damages portion of the blocked artery with a graft
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
surgery performed on the opened heart while the blood supply is diverted through a heart-lung machine
open-heart surgery
a procedure to open blocked arteries
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
a ballooning out of a vein or artery
aneurysm
measurement of the force with which the heart pushes blood through the circulatory system
blood pressure
removal of fatty deposits in arteries in the neck to prevent a stroke
carotid endarterectomy
the pressure in the arteries when the heart release (the lower number)
diastole
high blood pressure that is not caused by any observable disease
essential (primary) hypertension
high blood pressure
hypertension
high blood pressure caused by a recognizable disease
secondary hypertension
the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts (the high number)
systole
a model embracing five risk factors that puts people who have at least three risk factors at risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and premature death
metabolic syndrome
The adult body contains approximately how many miles of blood vessels? A. 100,000 B. 60,000 C. 20,000 D. 1,000
B. 60,000
True or False: The heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood a minute.
False: The heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood a day.
How many gallons of blood does the heart pump each minute: A. 100 gallons B. 20 gallons C. 1 gallon D. 2,000 gallons
C. 1 gallon
The heart rate is controlled by a region in the right atrium called the: A. ascending aorta B. aortic arch C. left ventricle D. sinoatrial node
D. sinoatrial node
True or False: An electrocardiogram is simple painless test that can tell how hard the heart is beating and whether its rhythm is steady or irregular.
True
How many times does the heart beat each day? A. 100,000 times B. 1 million times C. 10,000 times D. 60,000 times
A. 100,000 times
How many gallons of blood does the heart pump each day? A. 10,000 gallons B. 2,000 gallons C. 1,000 gallon s D. 20,000 gallons
B. 2,000 gallons
How many red blood cells are none gallon of blood? A. 1 million B. 20,000 C. 25 trillion D. 9 billion
C. 25 trillion
