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Health and Wellness > Cardiovascular Disease: Prevention & Risks > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disease: Prevention & Risks Flashcards

1
Q

the large artery that transports blood from the heart to the body

A

aorta

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2
Q

any of a series of blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body

A

arteries

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3
Q

extremely small blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to tissues

A

capillaries

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4
Q

any disease that causes damage to the heart or the body’s blood vessels

A

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

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5
Q

two arteries arising from the aorta that supply blood vessels to the heart muscle

A

coronary arteries

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6
Q

disease caused by fatty deposits in the heart’s coronary arteries that impede or completely clock the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle cells

A

coronary heart disease (CHD)

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7
Q

death of, or damage to, part of the heat muscle caused by an insufficient blood supply

A

heart attack

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8
Q

muscular wall of the heart that contracts and relaxes

A

myocardium

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9
Q

death of brain cells due to an insufficient supply of blood to the bran, resulting in loss of muscle function, loss of speech, or other symptoms

A

stroke (brain attack)

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10
Q

blood vessels that return blood from tissues to the heart

A

veins

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11
Q

rapid, erratic contraction of the upper chambers of the heart

A

arterial fibrillation (“a-fib”)

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12
Q

an electrical device that can restart a heart that has stopped beating by delivering electrical shocks to it

A

defibrillator

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13
Q

a test that shows the rate and rhythm of the heart beat

A

electrocardiogram (EKG)

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14
Q

the region of the heart that produces an electrical signal that causes the heart to contract

A

sinoatrial node

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15
Q

an electrical device implanted in the chest to control irregular heartbeats

A

pacemarker

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16
Q

irregular quivering of the lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricular fibrillation

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17
Q

a physician who specializes in diseases of the heart

A

cardiologist

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18
Q

an emergency lifesaving procedure used to revive someone who has stopped breathing or suffered cardiac arrest

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

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19
Q

when the heart is weakened to the degree it cannot pump blood throughout the body

A

heart failure

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20
Q

damage to heart valves from bacterial infection

A

rheumatic heart disease

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21
Q

swelling of veins (usually in the legs) resulting from defective valves

A

varicose veins

22
Q

hardening of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

23
Q

a disease process in which fatty deposits (plaques) build up in the arteries and block the flow of blood

A

atherosclerosis

24
Q

an inherited disease causing extremely high levels of cholesterol in the blood

A

familial hyperlipidemia

25
Q

the carrier of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for removal from the circulation; carrier of “good” cholesterol

A

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

26
Q

spherical particles that transport cholesterol and fat (TG) in the blood

A

lipoproteins

27
Q

the carrier of “bad” cholesterol in blood

A

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

28
Q

deposit of fatty substances in the inner lining of arteries

A

plaque

29
Q

a class of drugs that block synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood

A

statins

30
Q

a protein in blood that is a measure of chronic inflammation and risk of a heart attack

A

C-reactive protein (CRP)

31
Q

medical term for chest pain caused by coronary heart disease; a condition in which the heart muscle doesn’t receive enough blood, resulting in chest pain

A

angina pectoris

32
Q

visualization of blocked coronary arteries by using a catheter and monitoring blood flow in coronary arteries; a dye is injected through the catheter

A

cardiac catheterization

33
Q

surgery to improve blood supply to the heart muscle by replacing the damages portion of the blocked artery with a graft

A

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

34
Q

surgery performed on the opened heart while the blood supply is diverted through a heart-lung machine

A

open-heart surgery

35
Q

a procedure to open blocked arteries

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

36
Q

a ballooning out of a vein or artery

A

aneurysm

37
Q

measurement of the force with which the heart pushes blood through the circulatory system

A

blood pressure

38
Q

removal of fatty deposits in arteries in the neck to prevent a stroke

A

carotid endarterectomy

39
Q

the pressure in the arteries when the heart release (the lower number)

A

diastole

40
Q

high blood pressure that is not caused by any observable disease

A

essential (primary) hypertension

41
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

42
Q

high blood pressure caused by a recognizable disease

A

secondary hypertension

43
Q

the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts (the high number)

A

systole

44
Q

a model embracing five risk factors that puts people who have at least three risk factors at risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and premature death

A

metabolic syndrome

45
Q 
The adult body contains approximately how many miles of blood vessels? 
A. 100,000 
B. 60,000 
C. 20,000 
D. 1,000
A

B. 60,000

46
Q

True or False: The heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood a minute.

A

False: The heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood a day.

47
Q 
How many gallons of blood does the heart pump each minute: 
A. 100 gallons 
B. 20 gallons 
C. 1 gallon 
D. 2,000 gallons
A

C. 1 gallon

48
Q 
The heart rate is controlled by a region in the right atrium called the:
A. ascending aorta
B. aortic arch
C. left ventricle
D. sinoatrial node
A

D. sinoatrial node

49
Q

True or False: An electrocardiogram is simple painless test that can tell how hard the heart is beating and whether its rhythm is steady or irregular.

A

True

50
Q 
How many times does the heart beat each day?
A. 100,000 times
B. 1 million times
C. 10,000 times
D. 60,000 times
A

A. 100,000 times

51
Q 
How many gallons of blood does the heart pump each day? 
A. 10,000 gallons 
B. 2,000 gallons 
C. 1,000 gallon s
D. 20,000 gallons
A

B. 2,000 gallons

52
Q 
How many red blood cells are none gallon of blood? 
A. 1 million 
B. 20,000
C. 25 trillion
D. 9 billion
A

C. 25 trillion

Health and Wellness (17 decks)

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