Herbology wk 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of plant chemicals (metabolites):

A

phytochemistry

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2
Q

Primary metabolites:

A
carbohydrates
amino acids/nucleic acids
proteins
lipids
vitamins
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3
Q

Secondary metabolites:

A

not essential to growth & reproduction

defensives
* antimicrobials
* antioxidants
* antifeedants
signaling
* hormones
attractants 
* volatile oils
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4
Q

Conversion of carbon to glucose is called:

A

photosynthesis

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5
Q

Phenolics or polyphenols:

A
aromatic alcohols
weak acids
reducing agents (antioxidants)
UV light absorbers
pigments
defensives
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6
Q

Alkaloids are:

A
nitrogen-containing bases
biosynthesized from amino acids
highly bioactive, toxic
reactive
easily isolated
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7
Q

Terpenes are made from:

A

repeating isoprene units (C5)

mono - C10
sesqui - C15
di - C20
tri - C30
carotenoids - C40
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8
Q

An agent that induces drowsiness & sleep:

A

hypnotic / soporific

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9
Q

Passion fruit - part used:

A

fruit

seeds

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10
Q

Passion flower - part used:

A

flower
aerial parts
leaves

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11
Q

Passion flower - constituents:

A

alkaloids
flavonoids
glycosides

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12
Q

Passion flower - actions:

A

sleep inducing

antispasmodic

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13
Q

Valerian - part used:

A

root

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14
Q

Valerian - constituents:

A
volatile oils
iridoids
sesquiterpenes
alkaloids
phenolic acids
flavonoids
choline
caffeic acid
fatty acid
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15
Q

Valerian - actions:

A

nervine
calming/sedating
antispasmodic
hypnotic

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16
Q

Valerian - indications:

A
sleeplessness w/anxiety
pain w/muscle tension
tremors, spasms, palpitations
menstrual cramps
depression
nervous debility
17
Q

Valerian - cautions:

A

causes drowsiness
don’t mix w/depressant drugs
lg doses -> cramps, tremors, dizziness

18
Q

Kava - actions:

A
sedative
hypnotic
anticonvulsant
spasmolytic
analgesic
antidepressant
19
Q

Kava - constituents:

A

kava lactones

20
Q

Kava - part used:

A

roots

stem/leaf = toxic

21
Q

Linden - part used:

A

flowers
leaves
buds

22
Q

Linden - constituents:

A
flavonoids
glycosides
volatile oil
phenolic acids
mucilage
tannins
23
Q

Linden - actions:

A
hypotensive
sedative
diaphoretic
antispasmodic
demulcent
immune modulator
hepatoprotective
nervine
24
Q

Linden - indications:

A
dry cough
croup
HTN
stroke recovery
high cholesterol/TGs
fever/cold/flu
25
Q

Hawthorne - indications:

A
circulatory problems
not grounded/too grounded
cardiac weakness, CAD, CHF
arteriosclerosis
angina pectoris
arrhythmia
emotional conditions of the "heart"
26
Q

Hawthorne - part used:

A

flower
leaf
berries
bark

27
Q

Hawthorne - constituents:

A

oligomeric procyanidins (OCPs)
flavonoids
triterpenoid sapogenins
amines

28
Q

Hawthorne - actions:

A
astringent
cardiotonic
peripheral vasodilation
relaxant
hypotensive
collagen stabilizer
antioxidant