Hepatoxicity

Question 1

Portal triad vessel

Answer 1

3 vessels of bile duct, artery and vein, protected within the walls of a single vessel.

Question 2

Why is the liver vulnerable to toxicity?

Answer 2

It is the first organ to come into contact with large amounts of the substance.

Question 3

Hepatotoxicity

Answer 3

Liver damage caused by exposure to substances like medications, chemicals an toxins, which leads to impaired liver function and liver failure.

Question 4

Results of hepatotoxicity

Answer 4

Necrosis, apoptosis, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, fibrosis, choleostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction.

Question 5

Necrosis

Answer 5

Death and degradation of tissue within a living body.

Question 6

Functions impaired due to hepatotoxicity

Answer 6

Biotransformation, filtration particulates, protein-synthesis, bile formation, nutrient homeostasis

Question 7

Clinical signs of hepatotoxicity

Answer 7

Albumin levels low
Alkaline phosphatase levels high
Bilirubin levels high
5’NT levels high
Liver enzymes found in blood.

Question 8

Drugs that can cause hepatotoxicity

Answer 8

Paracetamol and halothane

Question 9

Effects of Carbon tetrachloride

Answer 9

Metabolically activated by p450 enzyme, producing a free radical molecule, which binds proteins and lipids together, causing severe hepatotoxicity.

Question 10

Paracetamol process of hepatotoxicity

Answer 10

Forms a reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, which depletes glutathione.