Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Hepatobiliary > Flashcards

Hepatobiliary Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for Gallstones?

A

Cholelithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cholelithiasis are abnormal calcifications located where?

A

In the Gallbladder and the Biliary Tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are two major types of stones?

A

Cholesterol and Pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are gallstones typically found?

A

RUQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who is at risk for developing Gallstones?

A
  • Women
  • The elderly
  • Diabetics
  • People over 40
  • Obese
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At least ___ of people in the U.S will develop gallstones by the time they are 65.

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another name for an acute inflammation of the gallbladder?

A

Acute Cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Acute cholecystitis?

A

An obstruction of the cystic duct by an impacted stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acute Cholecystitis is caused by an injury to the wall of the cystic duct, allowing _____ to enter.

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In terms of acute Cholecystitis, bile accumulates within the Gallbladder, ______ the wall.

A

Irritating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a porcelain Gallbladder?

A

Thick walled Gallbladder that becomes calcified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the detection of extensive calcification in the wall of the gallbladder indicate?

A

The possibility of carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Although a porcelain gallbladder is uncommon in cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder, there is a striking incidence of _______ in patients with porcelain gallbladder. Up to ____ of the cases.

A

Carcinoma/ 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What % of the cases are acute cholecystitis?

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of stones in the U.S make up 75%?

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a fissure that produces the Mercedes Benz sign?

A

A non opaque stone containing gas filled fissures that produce the Mercedes Benz symbol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Emphysematous Cholecystitis?

A

An acute infection of the gallbladder; gas forming bacteria organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a result of an acute infection of the gallbladder that produces a gas forming bacteria organism?

A

Emphysematous Cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes Emphysematous Cholecystitis?

A
  • A cystic duct obstruction

- Air within lumen dissects into wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who does Emphysematous Cholecystitis most frequently occur in?

A
  • Elderly men

- Pt’s with poorly controlled diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is Emphysematous Cholecystitis a surgical emergency?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Porcelain Gallbladder refers to the extensive ________ in the ____ of the gallbladder, which forms an oval density that corresponds to the size and shape of the organ

A

Calcification/ wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does chronic Cholecystitis result in?

A
  • Loss of wall function

- Gallbladder becomes fibrotic and calcified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What color does porcelain gallbladder refer to?

A

Blue discoloration and brittle consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a bilobed gallbladder?

A

Internal septum dividing into 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is an hourglass gallbladder?

A

Body is narrow in middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a phrygian cap?

A

Fundus folds over body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a Choledochal cyst?

A

Cystic dilation of hepatic or bile ducts of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of liver cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the most prevalent inflammatory disease of the liver?

A

Hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hepatitis is a ____ infection or reaction to drugs or toxins.

A

Viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Are early stages of Hepatitis visible on diagnostic images?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are some complications of Hepatitis?

A
  • Jaundice
  • Cirrhosis
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is Hepatitis A?

A
  • Transmitted in digestive tract from oral/ fecal contact
  • Highly contagious
  • Favorable prognosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is Hepatitis B?

A
  • Exposure to blood or blood products
  • Sexual contact
  • Healthcare workers susceptible
  • 90% recover without incident
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is Hepatitis C?

A
  • Chronic Hepatitis
  • Cirrhosis
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Contracted through blood transfusion and sexual contact
  • 50% will develop cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is Hepatitis E?

A
  • Caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with fecal material
38
Q

What type of Hepatitis is the biggest threat to health care professionals?

A

Hep B

39
Q

What type of Hepatitis is the principal cause of liver transplants?

A

Hep C

40
Q

What is Cirrhosis of the liver?

A

Chronic destruction of liver cells & structure with nodular regeneration of liver parenchyma and fibrosis

41
Q

What is the major cause of Cirrhosis of the liver?

A

Chronic alcoholism

42
Q

What does ground glass look like?

A
  • Abdominal Haziness

- Caused by large amounts of ascitic fluid

43
Q

What do dog ears look like?

A
  • Pt in supine position

- Peritoneal fluid tends to gravitate showing fluid on both sides of the bladder

44
Q

What are the complications of Cirrhosis?

A
  • Impaired liver function
  • Splenomegaly
  • Esophageal varices
  • Jaundice & Gynecomastia
  • Edema
  • Ascites
  • Portal Hypertension
45
Q

What is the primary liver cell carcinoma?

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

46
Q

Large central mass with small nodules.

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

47
Q

Consistant with Cirrhosis and Chronic Hepatitis B or C.

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

48
Q

Jaundice due to invasion of the biliary tree.

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

49
Q

Pt’s with cancer in the colon, Pancreas, stomach, lungs and breasts commonly have tumors in the liver called…

A

Hepatic Metastases

50
Q

T/ F

Pt’s who have Hepatic Metastasis typically have a poor prognosis.

A

True

51
Q

What are the typical forms of diagnosis of Hepatic Metastasis?

A

CT/ MRI/ US/ NM

CT & MRI are the most sensitive

52
Q

What is Jaundice?

A

Yellowish discoloration of the skin and white of the eye

53
Q

T/ F

Jaundice is a disease.

A

False

It is a sign of disease

54
Q

What are the (2) types of Jaundice?

A
  1. Medical or Non obstructive Jaundice

2. Surgical or Obstructive Jaundice

55
Q

What results in excessive bilirubin in the blood?

A

Jaundice

56
Q

What is Medical or Non Obstructive Jaundice?

A

Too many red blood cells are destroyed or liver is damaged. (Cirrhosis, Hepatitis)

57
Q

What is Surgical or Obstructive Jaundice?

A

Biliary system is obstructed and bile does not enter duodenum

58
Q

What is Hepatic Hemangioma?

A

Benign neoplasm of poorly formed blood vessels

59
Q

What is a Hepatic Hemangioma?

A

Well defined solitary tumor

60
Q

What sizes can a Hepatic Hemangioma be?

A

Microscopic to large

61
Q

T/ F

Hepatic Hemangiomas are more common in women.

A

True

62
Q

T/ F

There are typically no complications in Hepatic Hemangiomas.

A

True

63
Q

What is Acute Pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of Pancreatic tissue

64
Q

What is the most common cause of Acute Pancreatitis?

A

Alcoholism

65
Q

Other than alcoholism what is another cause of Acute Pancreatitis?

A

Obstruction by gallstones or tumor

66
Q

What are complications of Acute Pancreatitis?

A
  • Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
  • Pseudocysts
  • Malabsorption syndrome
  • Abscess
  • Jaundice
67
Q

When looking at an image of a patient with Pancreatitis you can see ______ of the transverse colon.

A

Distention

68
Q

When looking at an image of a patient with Pancreatitis you can see ______ of the duodenal sweep.

A

Distention

69
Q

What is Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  • Frequent Intermittent injury to the pancreas

- Increasing damage that produces scar tissue

70
Q

Chronic Pancreatitis generally results from…

A

Chronic alcohol abuse

71
Q

Why does chronic alcohol abuse cause Chronic Pancreatitis?

A

The Pancreas loses the ability to produce enzymes

72
Q

What are (3) symptoms that identify Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Malabsorption
  3. Diabetes
73
Q

Images of Chronic Pancreatitis show…

A

Calcification from Pancreatic head to body and tail

74
Q

Barium Studies of Chronic Pancreatitis shows…

A
  • Pancreatic head enlargement causing changes with duodenal sweep
  • Narrowing of lumen
75
Q

What is a Pancreatic Pseudocyst?

A
  • Loculated (walled off) fluid collections

- Arising from inflammation, Necrosis and hemorrhage associated with Pancreatitis or trauma

76
Q

What does the Pancreatic Pseudocyst look like?

A
  • Shaggy lining surrounded by dense white scar tissue
  • Pancreatic head shows widening at the sweep
  • Pancreatic body or tail displaces stomach, proximal jejunum or colon
77
Q

What is another name for Pancreatic Carcinoma?

A

Adenocarcinoma

78
Q

What is Pancreatic Carcinoma?

A

Cancer of the granular tissue

79
Q

T/ F

People with Pancreatic Carcinoma typically have a poor diagnosis.

A

True

80
Q

T/F

Pancreatic Carcinoma is rare before 40.

A

True

81
Q

What is Pneumoperitoneum?

A

Free air in the peritoneal cavity

  • abdominal pain
  • tenderness
82
Q

What causes a Pneumoperitoneum?

A

Perforation of gas containing viscus

83
Q

T/ F

Pneumoperitoneum is a surgical emergency.

A

True

84
Q

Because the gas rises to the highest point in the peritoneal cavity,In a Pneumoperitoneum it accumulates beneath the…

A

Domes of the diaphragm

85
Q

If a patient cannot stand what is the best view to see a Pneumoperitoneum?

A

Left lateral decubitus

86
Q

Falciform Ligament is a sign of….

A

Pneumoperitoneum

- gas on both sides

87
Q

What is Splenomegaly?

A

Enlargement of the spleen

88
Q

Splenomegaly is associated with…

A
  • Portal hypotension
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Lymphoma
  • Leukemia
  • Infections
89
Q

What do images showing Splenomegaly show?

A
  • Inferior border of the spleen below costal margin
  • Elevation of Hemi diaphragm
  • Displaced stomach
  • Downward displacement of left kidney & splenic flexure
90
Q

What causes a splenic rupture?

A

Trauma or complication of an enlarged spleen

  • Infection
  • Leukemia
91
Q

T/ F

Immediate surgery is required for a splenic rupture.

A

True

Due to rapid loss of blood into abdominal cavity

Pathology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions