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Pathology > GI System (Power Point I) > Flashcards

GI System (Power Point I) Flashcards

1
Q

How are the pathologies characterized?

A
  • Congenital
  • Inflammatory
  • Neoplastic
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2
Q

Esophagus fails to develop past some point resulting in a pouch

A

Esophageal Atresia (EA)

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3
Q

Failure of the esophagus to develop completely separate from the trachea

A

Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)

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4
Q

Esophagram showing a fistula arising from the anterior portion of the esophagus and passing to the posterior portion of the trachea

A

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

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5
Q

What are the causes of Acquired Esophageal Fistula:

A
  • Mediastinum Malignancy (50%)
  • Infectious process (2)
  • Trauma (2)
  • Perforation from an endoscopy procedure
  • Insertion of NG tube
  • Late complication of esophageal cancer
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6
Q

CXR images show a perforation causing air within the mediastinum & soft tissue (traumatic perforation)

A

Acquired Esophageal Fistula

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7
Q

What is GERD?

A
  • Reflux of gastric acid contents

- Most common cause of acute esophagitis

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8
Q

Superficial ulcerations are typical of reflux, dilated esophagus with loss of effective peristalsis

AKA: Corkscrew esophagus

A

Esophagitis

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9
Q

Outer border of barium filled esophagus appears hazy & serrated

A

Reflux Esophagitis

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10
Q

Normal lining of lower esophagus is replaced by tissue similar to stomach

A

Barrett’s Esophagus

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11
Q

Occurs most often @ EG junction

A

Esophageal Cancer

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12
Q

Related to long standing reflux esophagitis

A

Barrett’s Esophagus

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13
Q

Appearance (infiltrating carcinoma):

  • Flat plaque like lesion (one wall)
  • Infiltrating lesion (irregular wall with mucosal dest)
  • Polypoid lesion (deep ulceration)
A

Esophageal Cancer

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14
Q

Progressive swallowing difficulty

Over 40 years of age

A

Esophageal Cancer

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15
Q

Mucosal outpouchings, generally asymptomatic

A

Esophageal Diverticula

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16
Q

What are the two Primary types of Esophageal Diverticula?

A
  1. Pulsion (false)

2. Traction (true)

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17
Q

What is False Esophageal Diverticula?

A

Pulsion

  • Results from motility disorder
  • Rounded projection with narrow neck
  • Contains the mucosa & submucosa
  • Zenker @ Pharyngoesophageal junction
  • Epiphrenic @ distal esophagus
18
Q

What is True Esophageal Diverticula?

A

Traction

  • Contains all the layers of the wall
  • Develops in response to the pulling of adhesions after infection of lymph nodes
  • Found opposite of bifurcation of trachea
19
Q

What are Varicose veins?

A

Dilated veins in the esophageal wall caused by increased pressure due to portal hypertension (associated with cirrhosis)

20
Q

Serpiginous thickening of folds

  • Round or oval filling defects
  • Wormlike defect, rosary beads
A

Esophageal Varices

21
Q

What is the most common abnormality seen on UGI’s?

A

Hiatal Hernia

22
Q

Half of the population over 50 years of age have…

A

A Hiatal Hernia

23
Q

Weakness of esophageal hiatus permitting a portion of stomach to emerge into thoracic cavity

A

Hiatal Hernia

24
Q

Hiatal Hernia’s are mostly ______ with complications associated with reflux.

A

Asymptomatic

25
Q

_______ Hiatal Hernia’s account for majority of hernias.

A

Sliding

26
Q

Associated with Schataki’s ring (mucosal ring protruding into lumen)

A

Sliding Hiatal Hernia

27
Q

What is a rolling or Paraesophageal Hernia?

A

Portion of stomach slides above diaphragm leaving GE junction below diaphragm

28
Q

Predisposes to volvulus

A

Rolling or Paraesphageal Hernia

29
Q

What is Achalasia?

A

Failure of lower esophageal sphincter to relax leading to dysphagia

30
Q

What has a beck or rat tail appearance and happens at 20-40 years of age.

A

Achalasia

31
Q

What does foreign bodies require?

A

2 projections

32
Q

What is a complication of esophagitis, peptic ulcer, neoplasm, trauma and instrumentations?

A

Perforation of Esophagus

33
Q

Severe vomiting or coughing can cause…

A

A perforation of the Esophagus

34
Q

What is the name for inflammation of the stomach?

A

Gastritis

35
Q

Erosive or acute Gastritis is the result of…

A
  • Alcohol

- Corrosive agents and infection

36
Q

Gastritis changes the normal surface pattern of the gastric ________.

A

Mucosa

37
Q

What is Peptic Ulcer Disease?

A

Group of inflammatory processes involving the stomach and duodenum.

38
Q

Where do Peptic Ulcers occur most frequently?

A

At the lesser curvature

39
Q

What are some complications of Peptic Ulcer Disease?

A
  • Hemorrhage

- Gastric outlet

40
Q

What is the most common type of Peptic Ulcer?

A

Duodenal Ulcer

  • Occurs in duodenal bulb (95%)
  • Benign
41
Q

What type of Peptic Ulcers are malignant 5% of the time?

A

Gastric Ulcers

Pathology (9 decks)

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