GI System (Definitions)

Question 1

Acute Gastritis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the stomach manifesting as an abnormal surface pattern in the gastric mucosa

Question 2

Barrett’s Esophagus

Answer 2

Disorder in which normal squamous lining is destroyed and replaced with columnar epithelium

Question 3

Severe mucosal atrophy causing thinning or an absence of mucosal folds

Answer 3

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis

Question 4

Outpouching herniation through the muscular layer of the esophagus

Answer 4

Diverticula

Question 5

Most common manifestation of peptic ulcer disease

Answer 5

Duodenal Ulcer

Question 6

A tumor that most often is of squamous cell type and occurs at the EG junction

Answer 6

Esophageal Carcinoma

Question 7

Dilated veins in the esophageal wall

Answer 7

Esophageal Varices

Question 8

Disease that appears as persistent collection of barium surrounded by a halo of edema

Answer 8

Gastric Ulcer

Question 9

Any symptomatic condition or structural changes due to reflux of stomach content into the esophagus

Answer 9

GERD

Question 10

A condition in which much of the stomach lies within the thoracic cavity

Answer 10

Hiatal Hernia

Question 11

Inflammatory process of the stomach and duodenum caused by the action of acid

Answer 11

Peptic Ulcer

Question 12

Complete rupture of the esophageal wall

Answer 12

Perforation

Question 13

Disease in which the edematous and thickened pylorus may be palpated and is described as a mobile, hard “olive.”

Answer 13

Pyloric Stenosis

Question 14

Most often occurs in the distal stomach and is of granular origin

Answer 14

Stomach Cancer

Question 15

Disorder in which the esophageal lumen does not develop separately from the trachea

Answer 15

Trachelesophageal Fistula

Question 16

Disorder of intestinal motility in which fluid and gas do not progress normally

Answer 16

Adynamic Ileus

Question 17

Perforation permitting fecal material to enter the peritoneum, causing general peritonitis if not treated

Answer 17

Appendicitis

Question 18

An inflammatory process usually of the proximal colon involving multiple noncontiguous segments “skip lesions”

Answer 18

Crohn’s colitis

Question 19

Chronic granulomatous inflammatory disorder of unknown cause

Answer 19

Crohn’s disease

Question 20

Neoplastic growth about half the cases of which occur in the rectum and sigmoid, most often in older men

Answer 20

Colonic Carcinoma

Question 21

Necrosing inflammation in the outpouchings representing acquired herniation

Answer 21

Diverticulitis

Question 22

Outpouchings representing acquired herniations of mucosa and submucosa through weak points in the muscular layer

Answer 22

Diverticulosis

Question 23

Most common cause of bowel obstruction in children, caused by telescoping of the bowel into itself

Answer 23

Intussusception

Question 24

Several conditions altering intestinal motility, usually functional disorders causing constipation or diarrhea “spastic colon”

Answer 24

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 25

Caused by previous surgery, peritonitis or external hernias

Answer 25

Small bowel obstruction

Question 26

One of two inflammatory processes of unknown cause that primarily affect young adults

Answer 26

Ulcerative colitis

Question 27

Twisting of the bowel on itself that leads to intestinal obstruction

Answer 27

Volvulus

Question 28

Incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter causing esophageal dilation

Answer 28

Achalasia