Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards
Before the 1960s and 1970s, this type of hepatitis was transmitted from person to person via the fecal-oral route.
Infectious hepatitis
Before the 1960s and 1970s, how were patients with hepatitis classified?
Infectious hepatitis
Serum hepatitis
Before the 1960s and 1970s, what was the known mode of transmission of infectious hepatitis?
Fecal-oral route
Before the 1960s and 1970s, this type of hepatitis resulted from the transfusion of infected blood and blood products.
Serum hepatitis
Enumerate the eight recognized hepatitis viruses.
Hepatitis A (HAV) Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) Hepatitis D (HDV) - Delta hepatitis Hepatitis E (HEV) Hepatitis G (HGV) SEN Transfusion Transmitted virus (TTV)
These types of hepatitis viruses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route.
HAV and HEV
These types of hepatitis viruses are transmitted via infected blood and blood products.
Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) Hepatitis D (HDV) - Delta hepatitis Hepatitis G (HGV) SEN Transfusion Transmitted virus (TTV)
What types of hepatitis viruses have a DNA genome?
HBV
TT
SEN
What types of hepatitis viruses have a RNA genome?
Hepatitis A (HAV) Hepatitis C (HCV) Hepatitis D (HDV) - Delta hepatitis Hepatitis E (HEV) Hepatitis G (HGV)
(T/F) The hepatitis viruses are unrelated and biologically and morphologically disparate.
T
What are the common symptoms of the hepatitis virus infection?
Fatigue
Headache
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain (right upper quadrant or diffuse)
Jaundice and dark urine (most characteristic symptoms)
What are the most characteristic symptoms of a hepatitis virus infection?
Jaundice
Dark urine
What is the morphology of the virion of the HAV? (Helical/Icosahedral/Complex)
Icosahedral (a geometric shape with 20 triangular sides)
What is the genome of the HAV?
Linear ssRNA
What is the genus and family of the HAV?
Genus: Hepatovirus (sole member)
Family: Picornaviridae
What is the mode of transmission (MoT) of the HAV?
Fecal-oral route
This type of hepatitis virus may cause the “infectious hepa” or “short incubation hepa.”
It has low mortality, is self-limiting, and does not cause chronic liver damage.
HAV
What are the risk factors for the HAV?
Sexual or household contact with infected person Daycare contact Food/water borne outbreaks IV drug use International travel
How long is the approximate incubation period for HAV?
1 month
(T/F) Children infected with HAV and are aged younger than 5 years old are mostly asymptomatic.
T
What Ig will appear upon 4 weeks of infection with HAV and will persist for 4 months?
IgM
This Ig will appear when there is past infection or immunization from HAV.
IgG
Persons who have not been vaccinated and have been exposed to HAV can receive _____, which is 80-90% effective in preventing the infection. This can also be used as pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Immune globulin
This hepatitis virus is enveloped and partially a dsDNA.
It is also known to be primarily a blood-borne pathogen
HBV
HBV belongs to the family _____.
Hepadnaviridae
The HBV contains a surface antigen referred to as the _____ that circulates in the blood stream as 22-nm particles.
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
What are the virion particles that make up the HBV?
HB surface antigen (HBsAg)
HB core antigen (HBcAg)
HB enveloped/HBe antigen (HBeAg)
What is the main MoT of the HBV?
Sexual routes
Perinatal routes
Parenteral routes
This type of hepatitis may cause “long incubation hepa”
HBV
Lower concentrations of HBV can be found in _____ …
Semen
Vaginal fluid
Saliva
This is the most common transmission route of HBV in the US.
Hetero/Homosexual sexual contact
Enumerate groups that have a high risk of acquiring HBV.
IV drug abusers MSM Household contact and sexual partners of HBS carriers Infants born from HBV moms Healthcare personnel People with tattoos or body piercing Individuals from endemic areas
What are the serologic markers for the HBV?
HBsAg HBeAg Anti - HBc Anti - HBe Anti - HBs
This HBV serologic marker is an indicator of active HBV infection either chronic or acute (in incubation period).
This is also the initial detectable marker found in serum.
HBsAg
This HBV serologic marker appears 2 weeks after exposure and is the most reliable method of choice for preventing HBV blood transmission.
HBsAg
This HBV serologic marker is found in the serum of some HBsAg (+) patients and is an indicator of active viral replication.
HBeAg
This HBV serologic marker is a reliable marker for the presence of high levels of virus and high degree of infectivity. This also signifies the presence of the most infectious state of HBV.
HBeAg
The time period between the inability to detect the HBsAg and the detection of anti-HBs antibodies is often referred to as the core “_____ period” of immunity.
Window
This HBV serologic marker is the reliable marker for the window phase of the infection.
Anti-HBc
This HBV serologic marker indicates recent recovery but may still be infectious. It is the marker for previous infection
Anti-HBc
When an HBV infection resolved, what serologic markers will be detectable on the patients serum?
IgG anti-HBc and anti-HBs
This HBV serologic marker is the 1st serologic evidence of the convalescent phase in acute hepatitis.
Anti-HBe
This HBV serologic marker is manifested during the convalescence or immune status. It appears later often coinciding with the disappearance of circulating HBsAg.
Anti-HBs
This HBV serologic marker is the serologic marker of recovery and immunity.
Anti-HBs
This HBV serologic marker persists through life and indicates life long immunity.
Anti-HBs
This is a type of hepatitis virus that is known to be a defective 1.7-kb circular ssRNA virus that requires HBV for replication.
HDV (delta hepatitis)
HDV requires _____ for its envelope.
HBV HBsAg
HDV is the sole member of what genus?
Deltavirus
What hepatitis virus has a genus that is not assigned to a particular family?
HDV
Enumerate groups that are at risk of acquiring HDV.
IV drug users
MSM
What is the MoT of HDV?
Parenteral
What are the two clinical forms of HDV?
Co-infection
Superinfection
In this type of HDV, the patient is simultaneously infected by HDV and HBV.
Co-infection
This type of HDV infection occurs in a patient suffering from chronic HBV infection is then infected with HDV; the HDV infection develops in a patient with a chronic HBV infection.
Superinfection
Patients with this type of HDV infection suffers a more sever acute infection and have a higher risk of fulminant hepatitis.
Co-infection
This type of hepatitis is related to blood transfusions. It is also called as the non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB)
HCV
What is the genome, genus, and family of the HCV?
Genome: ssRNA
Genus: Hepacivirus
Family: Flaviviridae
What is the MoT of HCV?
Sexual, perinatal, and parenteral
This hepatitis virus is small (32 - 34 nm), naked, and contains a ssRNA.
HEV
What is the genus and family of the HEV?
Genus: Hepevirus
Family: Hepeviridae
This is known to cause the enteric form of NANB hepatitis.
HEV
This type of hepatitis virus is a waterborne enteric agent transmitted by fecally contaminated drinking water.
HEV
What is the MoT of HEV?
Fecal-oral route
This is the hepatitis virus responsible for epidemics of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Central America.
HEV
How long is the incubation period of the HEV?
2-9 weeks
What is the genome and family of HGV?
Genome: RNA
Family: Flaviviridae
HGV is genetically and antigenically similar to the virus _____.
GBV-C
This type of hepatitis virus has a circular DNA genome; it is blood-borne and has not been definitely linked to any human disease.
SEN
What is the MoT of SEN?
Blood transfusions
This was first identified in the serum of a Japanese patient; it is a ssDNA virus related to the animal circoviruses. It has no known role in human disease.
TTV
