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Microbiology 2: Mycology and Virology > Hepatitis Viruses > Flashcards

Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards

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0
Q

Before the 1960s and 1970s, this type of hepatitis was transmitted from person to person via the fecal-oral route.

A

Infectious hepatitis

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1
Q

Before the 1960s and 1970s, how were patients with hepatitis classified?

A

Infectious hepatitis

Serum hepatitis

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2
Q

Before the 1960s and 1970s, what was the known mode of transmission of infectious hepatitis?

A

Fecal-oral route

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3
Q

Before the 1960s and 1970s, this type of hepatitis resulted from the transfusion of infected blood and blood products.

A

Serum hepatitis

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4
Q

Enumerate the eight recognized hepatitis viruses.

A 
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Hepatitis D (HDV) - Delta hepatitis
Hepatitis E (HEV)
Hepatitis G (HGV)
SEN
Transfusion Transmitted virus (TTV)
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5
Q

These types of hepatitis viruses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route.

A

HAV and HEV

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6
Q

These types of hepatitis viruses are transmitted via infected blood and blood products.

A 
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Hepatitis D (HDV) - Delta hepatitis
Hepatitis G (HGV)
SEN
Transfusion Transmitted virus (TTV)
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7
Q

What types of hepatitis viruses have a DNA genome?

A

HBV
TT
SEN

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8
Q

What types of hepatitis viruses have a RNA genome?

A 
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Hepatitis D (HDV) - Delta hepatitis
Hepatitis E (HEV)
Hepatitis G (HGV)
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9
Q

(T/F) The hepatitis viruses are unrelated and biologically and morphologically disparate.

A

T

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10
Q

What are the common symptoms of the hepatitis virus infection?

A

Fatigue
Headache
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain (right upper quadrant or diffuse)
Jaundice and dark urine (most characteristic symptoms)

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11
Q

What are the most characteristic symptoms of a hepatitis virus infection?

A

Jaundice

Dark urine

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12
Q

What is the morphology of the virion of the HAV? (Helical/Icosahedral/Complex)

A

Icosahedral (a geometric shape with 20 triangular sides)

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13
Q

What is the genome of the HAV?

A

Linear ssRNA

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14
Q

What is the genus and family of the HAV?

A

Genus: Hepatovirus (sole member)
Family: Picornaviridae

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15
Q

What is the mode of transmission (MoT) of the HAV?

A

Fecal-oral route

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16
Q

This type of hepatitis virus may cause the “infectious hepa” or “short incubation hepa.”
It has low mortality, is self-limiting, and does not cause chronic liver damage.

A

HAV

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17
Q

What are the risk factors for the HAV?

A 
Sexual or household contact with infected person
Daycare contact
Food/water borne outbreaks
IV drug use
International travel
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18
Q

How long is the approximate incubation period for HAV?

A

1 month

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19
Q

(T/F) Children infected with HAV and are aged younger than 5 years old are mostly asymptomatic.

A

T

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20
Q

What Ig will appear upon 4 weeks of infection with HAV and will persist for 4 months?

A

IgM

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21
Q

This Ig will appear when there is past infection or immunization from HAV.

A

IgG

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22
Q

Persons who have not been vaccinated and have been exposed to HAV can receive _____, which is 80-90% effective in preventing the infection. This can also be used as pre-exposure prophylaxis.

A

Immune globulin

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23
Q

This hepatitis virus is enveloped and partially a dsDNA.

It is also known to be primarily a blood-borne pathogen

A

HBV

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24
Q

HBV belongs to the family _____.

A

Hepadnaviridae

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25
Q

The HBV contains a surface antigen referred to as the _____ that circulates in the blood stream as 22-nm particles.

A

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

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26
Q

What are the virion particles that make up the HBV?

A

HB surface antigen (HBsAg)
HB core antigen (HBcAg)
HB enveloped/HBe antigen (HBeAg)

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27
Q

What is the main MoT of the HBV?

A

Sexual routes
Perinatal routes
Parenteral routes

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28
Q

This type of hepatitis may cause “long incubation hepa”

A

HBV

29
Q

Lower concentrations of HBV can be found in _____ …

A

Semen
Vaginal fluid
Saliva

30
Q

This is the most common transmission route of HBV in the US.

A

Hetero/Homosexual sexual contact

31
Q

Enumerate groups that have a high risk of acquiring HBV.

A 
IV drug abusers
MSM
Household contact and sexual partners of HBS carriers
Infants born from HBV moms
Healthcare personnel
People with tattoos or body piercing
Individuals from endemic areas
32
Q

What are the serologic markers for the HBV?

A 
HBsAg
HBeAg
Anti - HBc
Anti - HBe
Anti - HBs
33
Q

This HBV serologic marker is an indicator of active HBV infection either chronic or acute (in incubation period).
This is also the initial detectable marker found in serum.

A

HBsAg

34
Q

This HBV serologic marker appears 2 weeks after exposure and is the most reliable method of choice for preventing HBV blood transmission.

A

HBsAg

35
Q

This HBV serologic marker is found in the serum of some HBsAg (+) patients and is an indicator of active viral replication.

A

HBeAg

36
Q

This HBV serologic marker is a reliable marker for the presence of high levels of virus and high degree of infectivity. This also signifies the presence of the most infectious state of HBV.

A

HBeAg

37
Q

The time period between the inability to detect the HBsAg and the detection of anti-HBs antibodies is often referred to as the core “_____ period” of immunity.

A

Window

38
Q

This HBV serologic marker is the reliable marker for the window phase of the infection.

A

Anti-HBc

39
Q

This HBV serologic marker indicates recent recovery but may still be infectious. It is the marker for previous infection

A

Anti-HBc

40
Q

When an HBV infection resolved, what serologic markers will be detectable on the patients serum?

A

IgG anti-HBc and anti-HBs

41
Q

This HBV serologic marker is the 1st serologic evidence of the convalescent phase in acute hepatitis.

A

Anti-HBe

42
Q

This HBV serologic marker is manifested during the convalescence or immune status. It appears later often coinciding with the disappearance of circulating HBsAg.

A

Anti-HBs

43
Q

This HBV serologic marker is the serologic marker of recovery and immunity.

A

Anti-HBs

44
Q

This HBV serologic marker persists through life and indicates life long immunity.

A

Anti-HBs

45
Q

This is a type of hepatitis virus that is known to be a defective 1.7-kb circular ssRNA virus that requires HBV for replication.

A

HDV (delta hepatitis)

46
Q

HDV requires _____ for its envelope.

A

HBV HBsAg

47
Q

HDV is the sole member of what genus?

A

Deltavirus

48
Q

What hepatitis virus has a genus that is not assigned to a particular family?

A

HDV

49
Q

Enumerate groups that are at risk of acquiring HDV.

A

IV drug users

MSM

50
Q

What is the MoT of HDV?

A

Parenteral

51
Q

What are the two clinical forms of HDV?

A

Co-infection

Superinfection

52
Q

In this type of HDV, the patient is simultaneously infected by HDV and HBV.

A

Co-infection

53
Q

This type of HDV infection occurs in a patient suffering from chronic HBV infection is then infected with HDV; the HDV infection develops in a patient with a chronic HBV infection.

A

Superinfection

54
Q

Patients with this type of HDV infection suffers a more sever acute infection and have a higher risk of fulminant hepatitis.

A

Co-infection

55
Q

This type of hepatitis is related to blood transfusions. It is also called as the non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB)

A

HCV

56
Q

What is the genome, genus, and family of the HCV?

A

Genome: ssRNA
Genus: Hepacivirus
Family: Flaviviridae

57
Q

What is the MoT of HCV?

A

Sexual, perinatal, and parenteral

58
Q

This hepatitis virus is small (32 - 34 nm), naked, and contains a ssRNA.

A

HEV

59
Q

What is the genus and family of the HEV?

A

Genus: Hepevirus
Family: Hepeviridae

60
Q

This is known to cause the enteric form of NANB hepatitis.

A

HEV

61
Q

This type of hepatitis virus is a waterborne enteric agent transmitted by fecally contaminated drinking water.

A

HEV

62
Q

What is the MoT of HEV?

A

Fecal-oral route

63
Q

This is the hepatitis virus responsible for epidemics of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Central America.

A

HEV

64
Q

How long is the incubation period of the HEV?

A

2-9 weeks

65
Q

What is the genome and family of HGV?

A

Genome: RNA
Family: Flaviviridae

66
Q

HGV is genetically and antigenically similar to the virus _____.

A

GBV-C

67
Q

This type of hepatitis virus has a circular DNA genome; it is blood-borne and has not been definitely linked to any human disease.

A

SEN

68
Q

What is the MoT of SEN?

A

Blood transfusions

70
Q

This was first identified in the serum of a Japanese patient; it is a ssDNA virus related to the animal circoviruses. It has no known role in human disease.

A

TTV

Microbiology 2: Mycology and Virology (7 decks)

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