Clinical Virology

Question 0

(T/F) Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites

Answer 0

T

Question 1

Give 4 characteristics of a virus.

Answer 1

Obligate intracellular parasite
Cannot multiply by binary fission
Can’t generate ATP
Lack ribosomal RNA

Question 2

(T/F) Viruses multiply through binary fission

Answer 2

F

Question 3

Viruses generate ATP

Answer 3

F

Question 4

Viruses have ribosomal RNA

Answer 4

F

Question 5

Enumerate the structural components of a virus

Answer 5

Virion (virus particle)
Nuclei acid: DNA or RNA
Nucleocapsid (Enveloped nucleocapsid/Naked nucleocapsid)
Envelope
Capsid (protein coat)

Question 6

This is the structural component of a virus that is also known as the virus particle.

Answer 6

Virion

Question 7

This is the structural component of a virus that is also known as the protein coat.

Answer 7

Capsid

Question 8

The protein coat or capsid, is composed of _____.

Answer 8

Capsomer

Question 9

This is also known as the protein subunit.

Answer 9

Capsomer

Question 10

(T/F) the nucleic acid of a virus is composed of a DNA and an RNA

Answer 10

F

Question 11

This is the structural component of a virus that functions as the outer membrane. It is a phospholipid bilayer that is composed of a glycoprotein and a matrix portion

Answer 11

Envelope

Question 12

The phospholipid bilayer of the envelope is composed of _____ and _____.

Answer 12

Glycoprotein

Matrix portion

Question 13

This is the part of the phospholipid bilayer in the envelope that spikes for attachment to host

Answer 13

Glycoprotein

Question 14

This is the part of the phospholipid bilayer in the envelope that connects the envelope to the capsid

Answer 14

Matrix portion

Question 15

_____ is a nucleocapsid with an envelope and _____ is a nucleocapsid without an envelope

Answer 15

Enveloped nucleocapsid

Naked nucleocapsid

Question 16

What are the basis of taxonomy for viruses?

Answer 16

Type of genome
Strandedness of genome
Capsid morphology
Presence and absence of capsule

Question 17

What are the steps in viral replication?

Answer 17

Adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Eclipse stage
Assembly/Maturation
Release

Question 18

This is the step in viral replication wherein attachment to host cell occurs.

Answer 18

Adsorption

Question 19

What are the three methods of the penetration step of viral replication?

Answer 19

Direct injection - Naked virions
Fusion with cell membrane
Endocytosis - enveloped virus enters cell in a cytoplasmic vacuole

Question 20

This is the step in viral replication wherein the capsid is loose exposing the genome

Answer 20

Uncoating

Question 21

This is the step in viral replication wherein there is genome replication and expression

Answer 21

Eclipse stage

Question 22

This is the step in viral replication wherein the genetic material packs into the capsid

Answer 22

Assembly/Maturation

Question 23

This is the step in viral replication wherein there is budding or lysis of the host cell

Answer 23

Release

Question 24

In the lab diagnosis of viruses, what are to be considered when collecting the specimen?

Answer 24

``` Collected in early stage Sample in actual infected site Use transport medium (Hank's) Swabs (cotton in plastic shafts) Aspirate (without transport medium) Store at 4 C (short term), -70 C (long term) ```

Question 25

At what stage of the disease should the sample be collected?

Answer 25

Early stage

Question 26

What transport medium should be used for viruses?

Answer 26

Hank's

Question 27

What type of swabs should be used when collecting viruses?

Answer 27

Cotton in plastic shaft

Question 28

A temperature of ___ C should be used when storing a virus sample for a short term only.

Answer 28

4 C

Question 29

A temperature of ___ C should be used when storing a virus sample for a long.

Answer 29

-70 C

Question 30

What is the manifestation of a virus infection when the body system infected is the CNS?

Answer 30

Encephalitis | Aseptic meningtis

Question 31

What is the manifestation of a virus infection when the body system infected are multiple organs?

Answer 31

Viremia (virus in the blood)

Question 32

This is a term used to describe a disease spreading through multiple organs.

Answer 32

Disseminated

Question 33

What is the manifestation of a virus infection when the body system infected is the ocular system?

Answer 33

Conjunctivitis | Keratitis

Question 34

What is the manifestation of a virus infection when the body system infected is the respiratory tract?

Answer 34

Croup.????? Bronchiolitis Pneumonia

Question 35

What is the manifestation of a cutaneous virus infection?

Answer 35

Lesions | Exanthems (rashes)

Question 36

What is the manifestation of a genital virus infection?

Answer 36

Urethritis, etc. | Penile lesions

Question 37

What is the manifestation of a virus infection when the body system infected is the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 37

Gastroenteritis

Question 38

What is the manifestation of a congenital virus infection?

Answer 38

Lesions | Exanthems (rashes)

Question 39

What is the specimen used for a virus infection when the body system infected is the CNS?

Answer 39

CSF Brain biopsy Nasopharynx (NP) Swabs

Question 40

What is the specimen used for a disseminated virus infection?

Answer 40

EDTA whole blood Serum Urine

Question 41

What is the specimen used for an ocular virus infection?

Answer 41

Conjunctival scrapings | Corneal swabs

Question 42

What is the specimen used for a respiratory tract virus infection?

Answer 42

Nasal aspirate Nasopharynx (NP) swabs Throat swabs BAL

Question 43

What is the specimen used for a cutaneous virus infection?

Answer 43

Vesicle aspirate | Lesion swab

Question 44

What is the specimen used for a genital virus infection?

Answer 44

Vesicle aspirate | Swabs

Question 45

What is the specimen used for a gastrointestinal virus infection?

Answer 45

Stool | Rectal swab

Question 46

What is the specimen used for a congenital virus infection?

Answer 46

Throat Urine Serum

Question 47

What are the viruses to be considered for a CNS virus infection?

Answer 47

``` HHV 1-3 Arbo Entero Echo Mumps ```

Question 48

What are the viruses to be considered for a disseminated virus infection?

Answer 48

HHV 1-4 HBV Arbo

Question 49

What are the viruses to be considered for a ocular virus infection?

Answer 49

HHV 1-4 | Adeno

Question 50

What are the viruses to be considered for a respiratory tract virus infection?

Answer 50

``` HHV 1-5 Influenza P/V PSV Adeno ```

Question 51

What are the viruses to be considered for a cutaneous virus infection?

Answer 51

HHV 1-7 (ex. EBV) Coxsackie Echo Parvo

Question 52

What are the viruses to be considered for a genital virus infection?

Answer 52

HSV-2 | herpes simplex virus

Question 53

What are the viruses to be considered for a gastrointestinal virus infection?

Answer 53

Rota Norwalk Adeno 40 & 41

Question 54

What are the viruses to be considered for a congenital virus infection?

Answer 54

CMV (cytomegalo virus) HSV (herpes simplex virus) Ruvella