Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1102 > Hepatic System > Flashcards

Hepatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of Glisson’s capsule

A

Connective tissue covered by mesothelium layer.

- rich in nerve endings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The liver has __ lobes, __ major and __ minor.

A

4 2 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a liver lobule

A

Functional unit of the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the composition of the lobule

A

Central terminal hepatic venule
Interconnecting plates of hepatocytes
Peripherally arranged portal triad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State the 3 hepatocyte zones which differ by levels of ____

A

centrilobular, periportal, mid zone

oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the structure of a hepatic lobule

A

hexagonal
central vein
portal triad
plates of hepatocytes w sinusoids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 vessels of the portal triad

A

hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hepatic portal vein:

  • state direction of blood flow.
  • state function
A

blood to liver from digestive tract (75%)

filters toxins from digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hepatic artery

- state direction of blood flow

A

oxygenated blood from aorta to liver (25%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which cells do sinusoids contain?

A

Kupffer cell lining

Hepatic stellate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 main structures of the hepatobiliary system?

A

Bile canaculi & bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the flow of blood & bile in the liver acinus (lobule)

A

OPPOSITE DIRECTION OF FLOW:

Blood flow towards central vein, bile away.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State functions of the liver

A 
xenobiotic detoxification & metabolism
erythrocyte decomposition & bilirubin excretion
bile production
cholesterol synthesis & lipogenesis
carbohydrate metabolism
protein synthesis
hormone production
storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which proteins are synthesised by the liver?

A

Albumin

Coagulation of fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors (V, VII, IX-XI), antithrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which hormones are synthesised by the liver?

A

Thrombopoietin

Angiotensin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State the function of thrombopoietin

A

regulates platelet production by bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

State the function of angiotensin

A

raises BP following renin activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which substances are stored by the liver?

A

Glycogen
Fat soluble vits A D E K
Water soluble vits B12
Iron, Copper

19
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

stored glycogen -> glucose

20
Q

Gluconeogenesis

State the 2 cycles involved

A

Exhausted glycogen store: non-carbohydrates -> glucose.

Cori & Alanine cycle

21
Q

Glycogenesis

A

XS glucose -> glycogen storage

22
Q

Describe the Cori Cycle

A

Anaerobic conditions.

Flow of lactate & glucose between active muscles & liver.

23
Q

Describe the Alanine Cycle

A

Protein degradation -> glucose.

24
Q

State the hormones which effect glucose regulation

A

insulin, glucagon, adrenalin, cortisol

25
Q

Describe lipid metabolism in the liver.

A
  • Glucose converted to fatty acids via acetyl-CoA
  • VLDL formed.
  • cholesterol synthesis
26
Q

Cholesterol uses:

A

Synthesis of bile acids, cell membranes, hormones

27
Q

XS cholesterol is converted to ___ ___ OR _____ with bile

A

bile acids

excreted

28
Q

Bile is linked to ____ ____ to form bile salts

A

amino acids (Glycine or Taurine)

29
Q

State a characteristic of bile acids

A

AMPIPATHIC (polar & apolar side)

30
Q

Bile is produced by ____ (Cells) & passes into ___ _____ which carry bile back to ____ ____

A

hepatocytes, bile canaliculi, portal triad

31
Q

Describe erythrocyte degradation to form bilirubin.

A

Erythrocyte phagocytosis -> haemoglobin released
Globin metabolised
Amino acids recycled
Iron bound to transferrin is returned to liver
Haem converted to bilirubin & bound to albumin.

32
Q

In the liver: uptake of bilirubin by _____.

Bilirubin dissociates from ____ & enters ____.

Bilirubin conjugated with __ _____ ____ via ___-______ ______.

Conjugated bilirubin transported into ___ _____ and ____.

Intestinal bacteria degrade bilirubin to _______.

80% oxidised to ____ and excreted via ____.
20% enters ______ ______ and excreted via _____.

A

hepatocytes

albumin, hepatocytes

2 glucuronic acids, UDP-glucuronyl transferase

bile canalculi, bile

urobilinogen

stercobilin, faeces
extrahepatic circulation, urine

33
Q

Describe the first pass effect.

A

Absorbed [drug] is reduced by liver before reaching the systemic circulation.

REDUCES DRUG BIOAVAILIBILITY

34
Q

Describe the 2 phases of drug metabolism

A

PI: add/unmask func groups to convert compound to more POLAR (HYDROPHILIC) metabolite

PII: CONJUGATION to increase AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY.

35
Q

State some phase I metabolism reactions.

A

OXIDATION (CYP450s), reduction, hydrolytic cleavage, alkylation

36
Q

State some phase II metabolism reactions.

A

CONJUGATION by GLUCURONIDATION, sulfation, acetylation.

37
Q

Hepatitis

A

Liver inflammation

38
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Fibrous tissue in liver forms & replaces dead cells

39
Q

Haemochromatosis

A

Excessive iron accumulation & liver damage

40
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

Copper retention (hereditary)

41
Q

Biliary cirrhosis

A

disease of bile ducts

42
Q

Gilbert’s syndrome

A

bilirubin metabolism disorder (genetic)

43
Q

Jaudice

A

Yellow skin, nail beds & sclera.

causes: hyperbilirubinemia -> deposition of bilirubin.

IMPORTANCE: marker of hepatic disease.

44
Q

State 3 liver function assessment biomarkers (and their enzymes).

A

TRANSAMINASES (ALT, AST)
CHOLESTATIC enzymes (ALP, GGT)
BILIRUBIN

1102 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions