Henry VIII Flashcards
Who was Henry VIII?
Henry VIII was King of England from 1509 until his death.
How long did Henry VIII reign for?
38 years
In what year did Henry VIII die?
1547
Who was the second Tudor monarch?
Henry VIII
Who succeeded Henry VII?
Good old Henry the VIII, his son.
Why did Henry VIII have very little training for kingship from his father and his advisors?
His older brother Arthur was supposed to be King, not Henry.
What happened to Arthur to prevent him from being King?
He died, age 15 from sweating sickness.
Who had Arthur married 20 weeks before his death?
Catherine of Aragon
Who did Catherine of Aragon marry after her husband Arthur died.
She married Henry, who would soon become Henry VIII.
Why did Henry VIII marry his brother’s widow?
- It was his fathers dying wish
2. Formed an alliance with Spain
Who was King after Henry VIII?
Edward VI
Put these kings in order with the most recent last: Edward VI, Richard III, Henry VII, Henry VIII.
Richard III
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Edward VI
How old was Henry VIII when he died?
55 years old
Who was King Henry VIII’s mother?
Elizabeth of York
Which house did Henry VIII belong to?
Tudor
What was Henry VIII’s method of dealing with political enemies (those who did not like the way he ran the country)?
Executed them for high treason
How many wives did Henry VIII have?
6
Names all 6 of Henry VIII wives in order.
Catherine of Argon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr
Did Catherine of Aragon have a child for Henry VIII?
Yes
Was Catherine of Aragon’s child a boy and heir?
No
What was the female child, daughter of Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII, called?
Mary
Could Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII, not be heir to throne?
Girls at that time were not considered for the throne.
One desperate idea to produce a male heir was to marry Mary off early and try for a male grandson. Why did they give up on this idea?
Mary was still a baby and Henry VIIIs advisors did not think that Henry would survive long enough to see the bird of a grandson.
Henry VIII wanted the Pope to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Why? 2 reasons
- Catherine was getting old and she had not produced Henry VIII a son and heir and probably never would.
- He was having an affair with Mary Boleyn and was getting a bit bored with her and wanted to marry Anne Boleyn, her sister.
Explain a reason why Henry VIII wanted to separate from Catherine of Aragon.
Henry VIII was desperate to have a male heir. Catherine had failed to give him this and she was getting too old to have children.
Furthermore, Henry knew he could father a son because he already had an illegitimate child, Henry Fitzroy with a lady at court called Bessie Blount.
Why was Henry VIII desperate for a son?
He wanted an heir to the throne so that he could secure succession within his bloodline.
How old was Catherine of Argon when her marraige to Henry VIII was annulled?
40 years old
Desperate to annul his marraige to Catherine of Aragon, on what grounds did he ask the Pope to annul it?
Henry VIII sought the Pope’s approval for an annulment on the grounds that his marriage was invalid because Catherine had first been his brother’s wife.
Did the Pope give Henry VIII the annulment on the grounds that she was his dead brother’s wife?
No
Who did Henry get to rule that his marraige to Catherine of Aragon should be annulled?
Archbishop of Canterbury.
Unfortunately he was not the head of the church, though, the Pope was! He therefore did not have the authority to do this.
What effect did the annulment of his previous marriage and Henry VIII’s subsequent marriage to Anne Boleyn have on the church?
The Pope was furious and disowned England!
The annulment and marriage caused the break up of the Roman Catholic Church and the later establishment of the Church of England.
What is papal authority and how did Henry lose this?
Papal authority means that the Pope as head of the Roman Catholic Church was the supreme leader of all churches including those in England.
When Henry annulled his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the Pope was very angry and rejected England as a church under his authority.
The consequence of the Pope rejecting England as one of his churches led to the English Reformation. What is the English Reformation?
The English Reformation was when the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. Henry now declared himself the supreme head on earth of the Church of England
What advantages did the English Reformation have for Henry VIII?
- He could marry who we wanted by annulling previous marriages, specifically Catherine of Aragon.
- He was the final decision maker in all policies relating to the church.
- Taxes from the church that used to be paid straight to Rome were now paid straight to Henry VIII.
Did Henry VIII love Catherine of Aragon?
Yes, very much. He made many announcements of his love for her.
Did Catherine of Aragon mind Henry VIII having lots of mistresses?
No. It was common in those times for Kings to have many mistresses.
What was the name of Henry VIII’s illegitimate son?
Henry Fitzroy (same first name as the dad)
Which of Henry’s mistresses gave birth to a baby boy?
Elizabeth Blount
Who was Henry VIII married to when his mistress gave birth to the illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy.
Catherine of Aragon
Who was Anne Boleyn?
Henry VIII’s second wife
What was Anne Boleyn like?
Educated, flirtatious and beautiful, but grumpy meddling and calculating.
Why did Henry VIII grow tired of Anne Boleyn?
She was unable to produce him a male heir.
Bad tempered and meddled in his business affairs
How did the King get rid of Anne Boleyn?
He annulled their marriage and had her beheaded on charges of adultery, incest and high treason.
Was the evidence against Anne Boleyn strong for adultery, incest and high treason?
No, very weak. Henry VIII wanted rid of her as she could not produce a male heir and Henry VIII had a new love interest.
What happened to the child Mary when the marriage of Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII was annulled?
Mary was declared illegitimate
Did Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn get on?
No, they did not. Anne was too independent for the role as a ceremonial wife and Henry disliked her constant irritability and violent temper.
Were Henry VIII’s new religious policies popular?
No, they were very unpopular, but those against them were convicted of high treason and beheaded.
When did Henry VIII start having an affair with Jane Seymour, a lady later to become his third wife.
Henry VIII starting having an affair with Jane Seymour while he was married to Anne Boleyn.
Did Jane Seymour manage to produce Henry VIII and heir to the throne?
Yes, a son called Edward, later to become King Edward IV.
Queen Jane Seymour died shortly after giving birth to Edward IV. Why?
Difficult birth followed by an infection.
Who was Henry VIII’s fourth wife?
Anne of Cleves
Did the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves last long?
No, Henry had found another that he wanted to marry.
Did Anne of Cleves object to the annulment of her marriage to Henry?
No, she agreed and confirmed that the marriage had never been consummated.
Who was Henry VIII’s fifth wife?
Catherine Howard
What did Henry VIII think of his new wife, Catherine Howard?
Henry VIII was absolutely delighted with his new wife and awarded her with lands of her own and fine jewellery.
If Henry VIII thought so much of Catherine Howard why did the marriage not last?
- Soon after the marriage Catherine had an affair with a courtier.
- She took as secretary her previous fiancé who she had previously had an affair with.
What did Henry VIII do with Catherine Howard when he found out about the affairs?
He had her beheaded of course.
Who was Henry VIII final wife?
Catherine Parr
Did Henry stay with Catherine Parr?
Yes, until his death.
What was Henry’s health like later in life?
He was obese and had to be moved about with mechanical inventions.
He was covered in painful pus-filled boils.
Suffered from gout.
Why is it thought that Henry VIII was so obese and suffered so many medical problems?
He suffered a leg wound in a jousting accident that was difficult to treat and became ulcerated. He was therefore no longer able to maintain his fitness and so became obese. The obesity hastened his death.
How old was Edward VI was his father, Henry VIII died?
9 years old and therefore had lots of protectors to help him rule.
Describe some characteristics of Henry VIII.
- Clever, an intellectual. He had lots of books and read and wrote English, Latin and French.
- Renaissance man - loved art
- Well built athletic man in his youth
- Enjoyed jousting and hunting.
- Loved beautiful things - gulided armour, outfits of velvet and satin, lots of jewellery.
- Avid gambler
- Involved in the production of beautiful buildings.
Put these kings and queens in order with the most recent last: Mary 1, Elizabeth 1, Edward VI, Henry VIII
Henry VIII
Edward VI
Mary 1
Elizabeth I
What was Henry VIII DOB?
1491
In what year did Henry VIII marry Catherine of Aragon?
1509
In what year did Henry marry Anne Boleyn?
1533
In what year did Henry VIII marry Jane Seymour?
1536
In what year did Henry VIII marry Anne of Cleaves?
1539
How did Henry VIII get rid of Anne of Cleaves?
Marraige was annulled as it was never consummated
In which year did Henry VIII marry Catherine Howard?
1540
How did Henry VIII get rid of Catherine Howard?
Beheaded her for adultery
In what year did Henry the VIII marry Catherine Parr?
1543
Name Henry V III wives
- Catherine of Aragon
- Anne Boleyn
- Jane Seymour
- Anne of Cleves
- Catherine Howard
- Catherine Parr
Who was Henry VIII first wife?
Catherine of Aragon
Who was Henry’s second wife?
Anne Boleyn
Who was Henry VIII third wife?
Jane Seymour
Who was Henry VIII final wife?
Catherine Parr
Who was Henry VIII fourth wife?
Anne of Cleves
Who was Henry VIII 5th wife?
Catherine Howard
List 8 qualities of Henry VIII as a young king.
- Religious
- Lavish lifestyle - liked nice things, but was wasteful
- Extravagant - spent lots of money
- Desperate to fight wars to get glory and adoration
- Cultured - musician, clever, spoke many languages
- Fit and athletic - horse riding, joisting etc
- Traditional king
- Handsome
- Very ambitious - he wanted to be remembered for being a great king
Why was Henry VIII called a navy man?
He was so keen on wars that he built up a platoon of war ships
Why is the music Greensleeves associated with Henry VIII?
It is believed it was composed by Henry VIII for his lover and future queen consort Anne Boleyn
Why was Henry given the title Fidei Defensor?
As a reward for upholding the Catholic faith in the face of the developing reformation and the ideas of Martin Luther. He dictated and supported a book against the uprising.
What does the title Fidei defensor mean?
Defender of the faith
Who gave King Henry VIII the title of Fidei Defensor?
The Pope
Did Henry VIII keep the title of Keeper of the faith when he fell out with the Pope over his impending marriage to Anne Boleyn?
Yes, he did and every king and queen has had that title since then.
What inspired Henry to want to be a modern king, well-educated and well-read?
The renaissance
What is the renaissance?
A flowering of culture in the 16th century
What did the chivalric code inspire Henry VIII to do?
Seek military honour and glory
What was the chivalric code in medieval times?
Code of chivalry which emphasised bravery, military skill and generosity in victory.
Henry VIII greatly wanted to increase the land under his rule. What were his three targets?
- Scotland
- Ireland
- Foreign territories in France
Henry VIII had some success in battle in 1513. Who did he ally with then to defeat the French?
Holy emperor Maximillian
What was the name of the battle between the French and Henry VIII and his ally Emperor Maximillian become known ?
Battle of the spurs
Why was the battle between the French and Henry VIII with his ally Emperor Maximillian, known as battle of the spurs?
Because the French retreated so quickly
James IV of Scotland invaded England while Henry was fighting in France, did the Scottish win.
No they were defeated and humiliated losing 11,000 men.
What happened to James IV in the battle of Flodden when he invaded England while Henry VIII was away to war?
He was killed in the battle when he made a desperate charge at the English army
Who was made King of Scotland after James IV was killed in the battle of Flodden?
The infant son of Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII’s sister.
What was Henry’s nephew called who was made King of Scotland when he was only a boy?
James V
The battle of Flodden was led by whom in Henry VIII’s absence?
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey
How was Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey rewarded for his good service by Henry VIII after his victory at the Battle of Flodden?
He was made Duke of Norfolk
Why was being made Duke of Norfolk so important to Thomas Howard, the Earl of Surrey?
It was the title that his family had lost under Henry VII due to their support of Richard III
What was the treaty of London?
Peace treaty between England and the major European powers.
When the treaty of London was in danger of falling apart, what did Wolsey do to preserve peace?
Wolsey arranged a meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I of France.
What was the meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I commonly known as?
The field of cloth of gold
Where did Henry VIII and Francis I meet for the field of the cloth of gold?
They met in a field near Calais which at the time was an English territory
