Henry VII- Foreign relations Flashcards
what were the aims of H7 foreign policy?
- to maintain good relations with European powers (allowing him to consolidate his power at home)
- to gain international recognition for the Tudor dynasty
- to maintain national security
- to defend English trading interests
when and what was the Intercursus Magnus?
February 1496- H7 and Phillip IV of Burgundy ended the trade embargo and Margaret of Burgundy recognised Henry’s position as King
what were relations like with Burgundy before the death of MoB in 1503?
After Margaret’s support for Perkin Warbeck, Henry broke trade relations with Burgundy as he was more concerned with securing his dynasty than protecting the commercial interests of London
when and what was the Treaty of Redon?
1489:
- Henry agreed to support the claim of Duke Francis’ young daughter, Duchess Anne, anxious not to antagonise the French
- agrees to support Breton independence with 6000 troops
- signed with Brittany
when and why did Henry invade France in 1492?
he knew that Charles (France) was more interested in invading Italy than fighting the English so he raised revenue and invaded France with 26,000 men and the French rapidly sought peace
when and what was the Treaty of Etaples?
November 1492- Charles (France) agreed that he would no longer support any pretenders to the English throne. Henry also received 745k crowns paid in annual instalments which made about 5% of his total annual income
- after English invasion of France
when and what was the Treaty of Windsor?
1506 : - Henry recognised Philip of Burgundy’s claim to Castile, and they promised to assist each other against rebels
- Philip handed over the Yorkist Earl of Suffolk to Henry
- a marriage was arranged between Henry and Philip’s sister Margaret (came to nothing)
- Intercursus Malus trade agreement
when and what was the Intercursus Malus?
April 1506- commercial trade agreement made between Henry and Philip of Burgundy but it was never implemented after Philip’s death in September
why was Henry diplomatically isolated in 1508?
because he was not a signatory of the League of Cambrai which was formed by the HRE, Spain, France and The Papacy
who were the rulers of Spain?
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile
when and what was the Treaty of Medina del Campo?
March 1489- agreed a marriage alliance between Catherine of Aragon (Ferdinand and Isabella’s daughter) and Prince Arthur (Henry eldest son)
when did Catherine and Arthur get married?
November 1501
when did Arthur die?
April 1502- increased the insecurity of Henry’s dynasty
what happened after Arthur’s death?
a new proposed marriage was made between Catherine and Arthur’s younger brother, Henry; a treaty was signed in 1503 and a marriage was planned for 1506
what were relations like between England and Scotland?
anglo-scottish relations were tense between 1485-95
why were relations bad with scotland in 1495-6?
James IV of Scotland supported Perkin Warbeck and provided a small army to invade England in 1496 which threatened a war between the two countries
when and what was the truce of Ayton?
1497- England and Scotland made the Truce of Ayton which was a treaty of perpetual peace between the two countries
why was the succession of the tudor dynasty insecure?
- Arthur’s unexpected death in 1502
- the new heir, Prince Henry, was still a child
- the Yorkists had a powerful claimant in the Earl of Suffolk
- Henry VII’s health was deteriorating
- the death of Henry’s wife, Elizabeth of York, in 1503, meant no more children would be forthcoming
when and why were Empson and Dudley arrested?
1509- they were too powerful and hated by the public so Henry did it for popularity
was Henry successful in achieving his foreign policy aims?
- broadly his aims were to maintain good relationships with Europe whilst strengthening the tudor dynasty
- in this he was largely successful overcoming various pretenders and setbacks to reach agreements with France, Burgundy, Spain and Scotland achieving security
- agreements with Spain and Scotland were cemented with marriage alliances, ensuring that by the end of his reign the tudor dynasty would be accepted internationally
what is a trade embargo?
a governmental order to restrict trade of certain goods or all goods entirely to a foreign country
