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A Level History > Elizabeth religion and FP > Flashcards

Elizabeth religion and FP Flashcards

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1
Q

what were Elizabeth’s short term aims on coming to the throne?

A
  • consolidate her position
  • settle religious issues
  • end war with France
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2
Q

what and when was the Act of Supremacy?

A

1559:

  • repealed the papal supremacy and Marian heresy laws
  • reinstated the religious legislation of Henry VIII’s reign and revived the powers of royal visitation of the church
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3
Q

when was the Act of Uniformity?

A

1559

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4
Q

what was the Act of Uniformity?

A
  • demanded everyone go to church once a week or pay a fine of 12 pence
  • established the use of the new book of common prayer which was carefully worded to allow variations in Eucharist belief
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5
Q

when were the royal injunctions introduced?

A

1559

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6
Q

what were the royal injunctions?

A

A set of injunctions that nominated visitors to inspect churches giving instructions to:

  • remove ‘things superstitious’
  • English bible and Erasmus’s paraphrases for every church
  • no altar
  • suppression of catholic practices
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7
Q

when were the Thirty-Nine articles introduced?

A

1563

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8
Q

what were the Thirty-Nine Articles?

A
  • defined the doctrine of the CoE

- broadly supported reformed doctrine

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9
Q

key points of Elizabeth’s religious settlement?

A
  • acts of supremacy and uniformity supported by royal injunctions
  • arrival of visitors followed by removal of altars and images
  • Treason Act devised to obtain Bulls from Rome
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10
Q

how was catholicism suppressed?

A
  • draconian measures/ punishments used

- by 1590 only 1/4 of Marian clergy were still alive

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11
Q

what were the problems of the religious settlement?

A
  • the quality of the clergy. All catholic bishops resigned

- confusion over doctrine

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12
Q

what was the cause of the Vestments controversy?

A

the Marian exiles mistakenly believed that the ornaments Rubric would not be enforced. This led to the Vestments controversy

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13
Q

what was the vestments controversy?

A
  • between 1559 and 63, Puritan clergy cautiously pushed for the removal of elements of the new church which they thought were too catholic
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14
Q

what groups threatened the religious settlement?

A
  • jesuits (catholic society)
  • Puritans (extremist protestants)
  • more?
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15
Q

when was the treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?

A

April 1559

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16
Q

what was the treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?

A
  • Elizabeth ended the French war in April 1559

- meant French would retain Calais for 8 years but after France would pay England 125k or return it

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17
Q

why did Elizabeth intervene in the French wars of religion?

A
  • intervened due to the war of religion in France- a group of Huguenots massacred in March 1562 in Vassy
  • she had little sympathy for Protestant rebels but saw it as an opportunity to recover Calais
18
Q

who were the Huguenots?

A

French protestants

19
Q

what and when was the Treaty of Hampton Court?

A
  • signed with the Prince of Conde March 1563

- 6000 troops and loan of 30k sent to help Huguenots

20
Q

was Elizabeth successful in her intervention in the French wars of religion?

A
  • French forces united against the English who held Le Havre but this was besieged and abandoned
  • war ended at the Peace of Amboise
  • intervention brought no benefits
21
Q

when and what was the treaty of Troyes?

A
  • April 1564

- England’s claim to Calais was finally forfeited after failed intervention in the wars of religion

22
Q

why did Elizabeth intervene in Scotland in 1559?

A
  • protestantism making headway in Scotland
  • John Knox returned in 1559 provoking a wave of iconoclasm
  • October 1559 Protestant Lord suspended the regency of Mary of Guise and the arrival of French troops show how they wanted Catholicism to remain
23
Q

how did Elizabeth intervene in Scotland in 1559?

A
  • sent assistance to Protestant forces in Scotland as Cecil was insistent
  • in Dece in 1559 an English fleet was sent up to Firth of Forth dividing French forces in Fife from those in Leith
  • Huguenot resistance in France left the with domestic issues
24
Q

was Elizabeth successful in her intervention in Scotland in 1559?

A
  • July 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh signed- all French troops evacuated and Protestant faith recognised in Scotland
  • very successful
25
Q

what were relations with Spain in the early 1560s?

A
  • due to English support for the Huguenots Anglo Spanish relations deteriorated
  • Margaret of Palma, Philip II’s regent in the Netherlands imposed a ban on the export of English cloth to Antwerp
26
Q

important points about Elizabeth’s early foreign policy?

A
  • her position both abroad and at home strengthened in the first 8 years
  • claim to the throne universally accepted thanks to the Treaty of Cateau Cambresis
  • arrival of MQOS in Scotland in 1561 meant there was a catholic successor close
27
Q

when did MQOS arrive in the Netherlands?

A

1561

28
Q

what was her foreign policy with the Netherlands from 1566-1585?

A
  • 1566 wave of protest at ecclesiastical reforms threatened vested interests and the spread of Calvinism, violence broke out in cities
  • 1567 Duke of Alva arrived with 10k Spanish troops and until 1609 there remained a strong Spanish military presence
  • revolt of the Netherlands lasted the next 40 years
29
Q

when was the Netherlands divided into two halves?

A

1579- catholic union of Arras in the south and the Calvinist dominated Union of Utrecht in the north

30
Q

what was Elizabeth’s foreign policy?

A
  • concerned the security of her throne about all things
  • reluctant to get involved in a war she might not win
  • short of money
  • reluctant to support rebels against fellow monarchs
  • Cecil and Elizabeth placed political needs before religious
31
Q

when were the French wars of religion?

A

began in 1562 and continued intermittently until 1598

32
Q

who were the 2 sides of the French wars of religion?

A
  • Catholic side led by the Guise family

- protestants led by the Prince of Conde and the kings of Navarre

33
Q

when was the St Bartholomew’s day massacre?

A

1572

34
Q

what was the St Bartholomew’s day massacre?

A
  • 3000 protestants in Paris killed and between 500-20,000 across the rest of France
  • appalled protestant opinion across Europe
35
Q

what was FP with Scotland from 1566-1585?

A

?

36
Q

what was FP with the New World 1566-1585?

A
  • friction due to England’s growing interest in the New World
  • in 1494 under the treaty of Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Spain and Portugal meaning American continent was reserved for Spain. Spanish saw non-Spanish traders as trespassers
37
Q

when did the Papal bull excommunicate Elizabeth?

A

1570

38
Q

when was the Ridolfi plot?

A

1571

39
Q

in what ways was Elizabeth’s war with Spain successful?

A
  • ultimately her objectives were achieved, Netherlands were restored to Spain on a semi-autonomous basis while the Northern provinces remained free
  • luck (external factors were in her favour)
  • English intervention enabled Maurice of Nassau to establish an independent Netherlands in the north
40
Q

in what ways was Elizabeth’s war with Spain unsuccessful?

A
  • never able to authorise full scale attacks
  • she wasn’t able to avoid war with Spain despite it being one of the main aims of her foreign policy
  • war cannot be considered a success due to its length and cost
  • she was reluctant to make decisions or give commanders leeway to act on the sport
  • strain on resources caused domestic unrest in the 1590s

A Level History (25 decks)

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