Edward, Somerset and Northumberland Flashcards
how old was Edward when he came to the throne?
9
When was Somerset Lord protector?
1547-49
how did Somerset govern?
largely with members of his own household. He also controlled the Privy Chamber by appointing his brother-in-law Michael Stanhope as chief gentleman of the Privy Chamber
what weakened Somerset’s position?
- his poor showing in the war against Scotland
- his mishandling of rebellion at home in 1549
how did Northumberland rise to power?
- autumn 1549 Dudley joined the plot to remove Somerset
- In October Somerset was arrested on the orders of the Regency council and surrendered
- Dudley consolidated his power and in 1550 became Lord president of the privy council
how did Northumberland change Somerset’s government?
- he presided as lord president of the privy council
- he moved away from conciliar govt
what was Somerset’s relationship with foreign powers?
- he inherited a state of war with both Scotland and France who were in alliance and he continued this war despite the cost
- his armies defeated the Scots at the Battle of Pinkie in September 1547 but could not prevent the French from relieving Edinburgh
- his military strategy was costly and unpopular
what religious changes occurred under Somerset?
- treason act of 1547 allowed religious issues to be discussed and removed censorship.
- the removal of altars and reforms to church services
- 1545 act to dissolve chantries to secure their wealth
- 1549 Cranmer introduced the protestant book of common prayer which translated services into english
what religious changes were there under Northumberland?
- the 1552 book of common prayer removing remaining conservative ceremonies and furthering the protestant reform
- banned traditional vestments
- restricted church music
- Cranmer’s 42 articles of Religion of 1553
why did Northumberland favour more radical religious reform?
- Cranmer was becoming more radical
- more radical senior clergy
- continental reformers who had moved to england were influencing
- Edwards influence on policy was increasing- a committed protestant
what was the impact on society of religious change under Edward?
- people became less inclined to leave money to their parish church and church was slowly losing its wealth as property was seized
- the loss of monasteries and chantries impacted people as they had charitable functions and provided education
what was the economy like under Edward?
- economic situation in 1547 was poor after Henry’s expenditure on war and inflation
- unemployment was high due to increasing enclosure and population growth
how did Somerset and Northumberland address economic issues?
- Somerset’s proclamation against enclosure and tax on sheep
- debasement of the coinage (caused further inflation)
- Northumberland’s commission to improve royal financial administration
what was the foreign policy under Northumberland?
- able to reduce foreign policy expenditure
- ended wars against Scots and France
- gave up Boulogne and French paid 133,333 pounds to recover port
- abandoned garrisons in Scotland bringing financial benefits
what does erastian mean?
belief the state should have authority over the church
who are evangelicals?
people who place greatest importance on the Bible
what were social policies like under Somerset?
- 1549 passed 5% tax on property and sheep
- the Vagrancy Act 1547 involved a savage attack on vagrants looking for work
- supporter of anti-enclosure measures
what were social policies like under Northumberland?
- did not continue Somerset’s anti-enclosure measures
- vagrancy act was repealed
- by 1551 govt controlled stocks of grain to relieve crisis of harvest failures
- introduces treason laws in 1550 and used trusted nobles to keep order
what was the Western rebellion?
- rising started at Stampford Courtenay after objection to the new prayer book
- rebel army of 6k began to beseige Exeter
- Lord Russell sent to put rising down 4k deaths
when was the western rebellion?
1549
what were the causes of the Western rebellion?
- religious grievances- new book of Common Prayer
- the sheep tax- hit local farmers
what were the causes of the Kett’s rebellion?
- resentment of enclosure
- local frustration about the maladministration of the Howards
- hatred of local govt officials
When was the Kett’s rebellion?
July 1549
what happened during the Kett’s rebellion?
- rioters angry with local lawyer John Flowerdew for putting up fences
- Robert Ket assumed leadership and proceeded towards Norwich with 16k men and seized it
- Earl of Warwick brought rebels to battle at Dussindale where 3k rebels killed and ket hanged
what was the significance of the 1549 risings?
- showed a weak govt
- large no. of risings stretched the govt resources to the limit
- both rising shad to be put down using full-scale military force
