Edward, Somerset and Northumberland Flashcards
how old was Edward when he came to the throne?
9
When was Somerset Lord protector?
1547-49
how did Somerset govern?
largely with members of his own household. He also controlled the Privy Chamber by appointing his brother-in-law Michael Stanhope as chief gentleman of the Privy Chamber
what weakened Somerset’s position?
- his poor showing in the war against Scotland
- his mishandling of rebellion at home in 1549
how did Northumberland rise to power?
- autumn 1549 Dudley joined the plot to remove Somerset
- In October Somerset was arrested on the orders of the Regency council and surrendered
- Dudley consolidated his power and in 1550 became Lord president of the privy council
how did Northumberland change Somerset’s government?
- he presided as lord president of the privy council
- he moved away from conciliar govt
what was Somerset’s relationship with foreign powers?
- he inherited a state of war with both Scotland and France who were in alliance and he continued this war despite the cost
- his armies defeated the Scots at the Battle of Pinkie in September 1547 but could not prevent the French from relieving Edinburgh
- his military strategy was costly and unpopular
what religious changes occurred under Somerset?
- treason act of 1547 allowed religious issues to be discussed and removed censorship.
- the removal of altars and reforms to church services
- 1545 act to dissolve chantries to secure their wealth
- 1549 Cranmer introduced the protestant book of common prayer which translated services into english
what religious changes were there under Northumberland?
- the 1552 book of common prayer removing remaining conservative ceremonies and furthering the protestant reform
- banned traditional vestments
- restricted church music
- Cranmer’s 42 articles of Religion of 1553
why did Northumberland favour more radical religious reform?
- Cranmer was becoming more radical
- more radical senior clergy
- continental reformers who had moved to england were influencing
- Edwards influence on policy was increasing- a committed protestant
what was the impact on society of religious change under Edward?
- people became less inclined to leave money to their parish church and church was slowly losing its wealth as property was seized
- the loss of monasteries and chantries impacted people as they had charitable functions and provided education
what was the economy like under Edward?
- economic situation in 1547 was poor after Henry’s expenditure on war and inflation
- unemployment was high due to increasing enclosure and population growth
how did Somerset and Northumberland address economic issues?
- Somerset’s proclamation against enclosure and tax on sheep
- debasement of the coinage (caused further inflation)
- Northumberland’s commission to improve royal financial administration
what was the foreign policy under Northumberland?
- able to reduce foreign policy expenditure
- ended wars against Scots and France
- gave up Boulogne and French paid 133,333 pounds to recover port
- abandoned garrisons in Scotland bringing financial benefits
what does erastian mean?
belief the state should have authority over the church
