HENRY VII CHAPTER 4 english society Flashcards
what was the basic soicetal heirarchy in the tudor period
monarchy>nobles > knightood > gentlemen> yeomen> farmers> peasents
what was the structure of the englihs socitety in this time period
wasnt quite a strictly heirarchal as france or spain but was very stratified or layered , at a basic level soicety hadnt changed much fom what had exixted during the feudal systemmmcomprised of great landowners and churchmen , economi cpressure since the black death had actually increased social moblitiy and created alarm amongst ore conservative members of the upper class, who attempted to vainly uphold traditional values by passing sumptionary laws
what was the bourgeosie
middle class who resied in towns and cities they were educated profedsionals eg lawyers and merchants
what were sumpuary laws
laws that attempted to regulate how individuala should dress accoridg ot their social status
what is a peerage
group o fpersons hlding one of te five ariatrcatic ranks that were dukes, marquis , earl, viscount, baron usually considerble landowners and members of the hol
bastard feudalism
system implied a reciprocal rlationship beetween a magnate and his retainers in rtuen for service , whihc could even be ,ilaty serivce if neccassary only when the positon of the monarch was immature is that ic coiul dbe seen as devasatingh
what was important about the nobility how many were they and were they open to be aquired
noblitiy still heavily dominated landownership and they comprised of famiies but no more than about 50-60 men and the peerage was not aclosed caste as famlies dided on a rgualar basi and were replaced by those who had aquired or bought the kings favour
what were the nobliity relied on for but why were not many more titles actually being created
the crown relied on these families to maintain law and order in the country side and to unify the nation but henry unlike edwards and his son was reluctant to create any new titles as he was deeply distruful of the noblitiy as a class so was not too eager to give out new titles infact most o fhnerys trusted adivseors wernet nobles
give examples of nobliity that actually had influence over henry
onlyu few trusted lanacstrian miliatry commanders such as the earl of oxford and lord daubeney as they had stood bhy him in the war of the roses
who was the earl of northumberland why didnt henry rtrust him and what was his role
h enever trusted th earl of nortuhmberland who still had signifiacnt power and he had swung in nehrys favour in hte bob earnin ghenrys favour, henry relied on northumberland to control the northeast of england on behalf of the crown
how did henry control the nobility
thourgh admisntering bonds and recognizances
explain bastard fuedalism in refernce to the nobles and why it was a threat
also known as retaining and it meant that the nobles could recruit knights and gentlemen to serve under them and also as admin or accountants noblemen cou dprotentially casue thereretainers to bring about unlawful things on people and thias could potentially be agian5t th crown so henry sught to leglsiate against retaning to limit there power but he ahd to play a balancing game and not take too much away from their powers as noblitiy
1486 mps and peers requird to take oaths against partciatng un illegal retaining
1487; a law against rwtaining fully established
what ranking were the gentry and what wad ther epsitn in society
immeditly below nobiity in status only missing a title an dint the late 15centrury were often great landowners themeslves
who was an improtant meber of the gentry
sir reginald bray who was an instrmewntal member of the gentry
how many knights wwere there and what wss niow the reuqirement shift for being a gentry
270 knights orignally just for active serivce knigyrs but later became without a speciifci obligation needed it was assumed those holding the status would be expected to admister their localties
how inflencial were the gentry in refernece to landowning
peers and knights together owned 15-20% of the land and formed a homogenous elite
what were the greater or lesser gentry
not one fixed caste but greater wwre related ot official knights
what certai featur3es coul dpossess one to be identified as a member iof the greater gentry and the same for the lesser gentry
an esquire or mere gentry was amore numerous and they were betroved to the main members of gentry
possession o fknighthood and a coat of arms authencated by the coat of arms aswell as considerable income and a country residnec eor courtly residence on th other hand lesser gentry had more in comon with yeomen kiving more modestly thant he greater gnetry and more local horizons like a jp or mp
why was the shurch importanrt and what was the heiarchy like
they werr important for their spiritul role aswell as for there role as a great landowner their social status greatly varied and at the time lower level curatea and chantry priests were modestly rwarded for dealing with the spiritual needs of ordinary folk on the oter hand bishops and abbots of the larger houses were important figures wuth political roles and seats in the hol
heirarchy papacy> secualr clurgy> cardianls> archbishops> bishops> parish preists
what sdid pope martin v from 1417-31 declare famously
that the king of engand rather than th pope was to govern the churhc in england and that he was in charge of appointing bishops as men with legal traijning were valued more than their spirituality
who were the most important clergy men under henry vii
bishop richard fox began to serve henry whils the was in exile and was trusted far more than the noblity who were yorkist sympathisers he maaged the crowns transioton and became keeper of the seal and bishops of key areas such as bath and wells
explain the commojners in this era
below the otehr clssses and the toop level were the bourgarsies snd they were were a small nukber of educted professionals in towns and cities , lower down wwre shop keepers and tradesmena and then at tht ebottom were lowly famr owrkers like pheasents and there postion was insecure and theyt relied on grazing rights, brought un jobs sucha smerchants who traded whihc merchsnts forma areas lik burgudny but play4e d a key role rebelion
how were regional divisions created from differences in agriculture
a line drawn from the mouth of tees to weymouth in dorset whihc sperarted the country agriculutrally and it was due to
3/4 pop lived below line whih cdivided country into two agragarian areas , south and east of line mixed farming occured such as areas such as suffolk norfolk and kent in more sparse populated north and west the pastoral farming dominated uwitht the rearing of sheep and cows , ecceptions were pastoral in the high eild of kent and grain and fruits i herodfordshire and welsh border counties
contemrpories aware of differnces and people form london often looked down on norhtenrers for savegery and northerners envious of southern riches
how were regional divisions created from the reinforcement of local govt structures
justice was increaigly adminstered just on a county by county basis and towns oftenc ontained their own jails and major cnurches whhc then meant local identities were also enforced by saints cults and thi smeant that they placed an importance o cnetres of pilgramage such as canterburyy and durham, however derek keene argued that england was more unified than ever before due to books and nationhood conferring
