Henry vII CHAPTER 1 consolidation of power Flashcards
What year did Henry Assume the throne
1485
In what ways was the english throne considered uncomfortable by 1485?
Only 4 kings in past 160 years had actually died a natural death. the throne of england WAS UNDER Constant contention. most recently the death of Richard III at the battle of bosworth.
summarise how the war of the roses played out ending in Henrys establishment of the Tudor dynasty
-Edward III died which left claims to the thrown to the house of York and Leicester
- Both houses raised an army to the war of the roses
- Concluded in 1485 the house of liecester defeated and killed Richard III at The BoB
- Henry was pronounced king through a weak claim on his mothers side
- He soon married Elizabeth of York and ended the war of the roses. united both houses together.
Summarise henrys initial issues on the throne
Religion, finance policy. Henry needed to return stability needed to unite the country and repair financial ruin.
Why was Henrys claim to the throne considered weak
He was descended in the female line which was considered less legitimate as the English line of succession was based around the male line. He became king after victory from just one battle
What did Henry do in terms of re dating his reign and how did it help to immeditatley reconsolidate his power
- He dated his reign from 21st August 1485 the day before the battle, This allowed henry to Persucuit all Yorkists as traitors
- It allowed him to consolidate power to decrease chance of being overthrown.
How else did Henry consolidate his power : Explain why for each reason
- Henry publically rewarded his key supporters giving 11 a knighthood. This acted as an insentive to promote support
- He arranged for supporters to detain those with a stronger claim than him. This mesnt that Hnery alone could be the mot legitimate candidate to the English throne
-Married Elizabeth of york in order to unite the two houses of tudor and to decrease potential plots against him as the yorkists had representation.
- Who was Viscount lovell and the staffords rebellion of 1486 led by
- What were the outcomes
2. What happended in the rebellion
- What are the significant conclusions to draw
-The rebellion itself was led by francis Viscount Lovell aswell as Humphrey and Thomas of Stafford
1. Lovell attempted to raise a rebellion of yorkist support for Rich
2.
- How little support there was towards the house of york and how weak there support really was
1What change of strategy did leading yorkistd realise need to be taken
They needed to appoint a figurehead and gain financial support to generate a significant military threat
Who were the appointef figureheads and how did henry initially overcome these threats
Lambert simnel , john de la pole , Earl of lincoln
Lambert simnel rebellion ;1.How did henry overcome these threats initially
2 what is the evidence of foreighn support
1He reinsateted the untrustorthy earl of northumberland in the north which helped control richards old power
2. Margaret of burgundy in Netherlands who earl of Lincoln +Lovell to pay for a force of mercenaries to invade England
1.What actions did henry take as part of his planned response to the rebellion
- Re inforced coastal defences in east anglia however the rebels loaded onto the northern coast of the northwest. The yorkest gentry were reluctant to commit fully to the cause
What happened on the battle of stoke field 1487-
- 4th June 1487 , Lincoln and his army land in Lancashire marched accros pennines and south, however he received less than expected support . Two armies met outside newark king 12000. Lincoln 8000
- yorkists defeated leaving half forces depleted and the earl of lincoln was killed
What was the significance of the battle of stokefield
Viewed as the final battle of the war of roses by some as it was the last time henry faced an army of his own subjects on his own soil . This also highlighted the instabilty of his reign resulting in his wife being crowned queen in order to achieve three things
-unite the nation
- secure the goodwill of the people
- satisfy dissaffected yorkists, it also outlined how henry would punish rebells thrughout his reign and in the case of th elambert simnel and earl of lincoln rebellion henry began to administer bonds of good behaviour ot the well behaved landowners who he believed would otherwise be in financial dissray
Who was perkin Warbeck, and who did he inpersinate and how long for
warbeck was an irritant to henry vii for 8 years during whihc he impersinated richard duke of york
what was it about perkin that transformed him form aminor irritant to a major threat
it was his ability to attact foreign patronage fro other rulers whihc also higlhighted how fragile the y believed henryys reign to be and it tranforsmed him from an irritant to a serious threat
what did warbeck do in 1491 and what did it lead to
in 1491 warbwck ipersonated richard duke of york in ireland and appeared a s abreif appearance of the court of charles viii of rance , the follwoing ye rhe was forced to fleee from france and hopped to the court of margeret of burgundty where he was then protected and trained as a yorkist prince and began to gain support of english courtiers
what happened in 1495 and why was it a disaster for warbeck
warbeck made his first attempt to land in england [kent] but henry had been previously informed of warbecks plans by sir robert clifford who infiltrated warbecks retinue , becuase o fthi swabeck was quickly defeated but fled to james ivs court
why was this still a threat to henry however
warbeck and his movement had an acompiss in the heart of henrys govt , sir william stanley was a potential traiter and henrys step uncle, he was lord chamberlin and headed the royal household whihc at the time was centre of govt , therefore accordng to christine carpenter this conspiracy revealed the wekaness of henrys reign where it should have been his strongest place
what happened in 1496 and how did perkins scottish suport fail after tht
whilst he was hiding in cotalnd in 1496 a small scottish force crossed the border on his behalf and quicly retreated and then james of scotland made an alliance by agreeing to marry henrys doughter margeret so warbeck had filed in using scotland for the throne
what was warbecks final attempt at throne seasing and what happened
he tried to exploit the uncertainness created by the cornish rebellion but his forces were crushed by the king and warbeck surrendered , at first henry was lenient and allowed warbeck to stay at court but then he tried ot abscond and was resigned to the tower, having tried to escape with earl of warrick he was executed and so was earl of warrick
what happened with the earl of warrick
warwick had a yorkist claiment to the throne but he was in many aspects a victim of the poliitical inflcitions and manouvers of the time and also a victim of henrys parania , he was only ten at bob and he was beheaded almost as a demonstrartion than an actuall execution
who were edmund de la pole earl of suffolk and ricard the white rose
the final peice of dyanstic security concerned edward dela pole earl of suffolk
and richard de la pole younger brothers both of the earl of lincoln
suffolkfled to flanders in 1498 before a breif return in 1501 before fleeing again fter that this time he sook refuge in maximmioln of the hre court . for as long as margert of burgundy was opposed the suffolk was safe however witht he treaty of windsor in 1506 htere was friendly relation resotred beetween england and burgundy
maximmioln then agreed to give up suffolk who was duly inprisoned ansd he was exucuted by henry viii in 1513 and this left richard dela pole of the white rose in exile and he was killed fighting for the french at the battle of pavia in 1525
summarise the extend of henrys consolidation of power
henry had consolidated power in the short term and he was also concerned with securing long term dynastic stablity , he wanted english men and women to believe that the tudors had a legitimate claim to the english throne
he aimed ot secure the line ot the throne fom beign furitful and establishing himself on the international stage
henrys immediate yorkist thretats might habe een dimantled by the battle of stokefield but he still somewhat had his leadership questioned like in the perkin walbeck crisis of 1497 and henry was still wobbly on the throne . there was royal leadership but it wasnt all together unquestioned
