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Clin Path II > hemostasis > Flashcards

hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

hemostasis

A

bodys ability to maintain integrity of blood and blood vessels

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2
Q

how does body maintain hemostasis

A

interaction between vessels, platelets, and coag factors

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3
Q

primary hemostasis

A

vascular response (vessels contract due to injury) and platelet response (become sticky using von Willebrand’s) platelet plug

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4
Q

secondary hemostasis

A

coag cascade (made in liver, forms fibrin clot)

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5
Q

fibrinolysis

A

dissolves clot, activation of plasminogen into plasmin

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6
Q

primary hemostasis is the

A

interaction between platelets and vessel wall

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7
Q

circulating blood contacts the

A

subendothelial (connective tissue)

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8
Q

vascular spasm

A

immediate but temporary closure of blood vessel by contraction stimulated by nervous system response

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9
Q

platelet plug formation

A

stimulated by vWF

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10
Q

adhesion of platelets

A

platelets stick to connective tissue

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11
Q

aggregation of platelets

A

forms plug, thromboxane stimulates platelets to join, only in small vessels

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12
Q

secretion of platelets

A

vasoconstriction and further aggregation

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13
Q

acquired primary hemostasis disease

A

vasculitis, collagen deficiency, extensive vascular injury

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14
Q

inherited primary hemostasis disease

A

von Williebrands

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15
Q

most common cause of bleeding disorders

A

thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

von Willibrands disease

A

lack of vWF (dobies)

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17
Q

clinical signs of vWD

A

spontaneous hemorrhage from nose, vagina, urinary bladder, mucous membranes, prolonged bleeding time

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18
Q

treatment of vWF

A

transfusion of dog blood products, suture bandage or wound glue, should not be given drugs

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19
Q

dogs having low plasma below 50%…

A

may be as risk of expressing vWF

20
Q

dogs having low plasma below 25%…

A

severely affected by vWF

21
Q

secondary hemostasis requires

A

coagulation (clotting) factors

22
Q

cascade

A

conversion of inactive factors to active factors (domino effects)

23
Q

fibrin clot is….

A

long lasting (minutes to hours)

24
Q

coag factor substances are made in the

A

liver

25
Q

factors for intrinsic pathway

A

12, 11, 9, 8 (XII, XI, IX, VIII)

26
Q

intrinsic pathway

A

all factors required for pathway is already available in the blood

27
Q

extrinsic pathway

A

requires tissue factor for activation (thromboplastin)

28
Q

factor for extrinsic pathway

A

7 (VII)

29
Q

the liver synthesizes…

A

all pathways

30
Q

vitamin K dependent factors

A

II, VII, IX, X (2, 7, 9, 10)

31
Q

hemostasis defects may be

A

acquired or hereditary

32
Q

most common inherited blood clotting disorder in dogs

A

hemophilia A

33
Q

what causes hemophilia

A

mutation of specific gene causing a deficiency in factor VIII which interferes with clotting factors

34
Q

Dx of hemophilia

A

APTT and measuring factor VIII

35
Q

deficiency of vitamin K

A

rodenticide poisoning

36
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)

A

secondary to heat stroke, endotoxemia, massive necrosis, trauma, septicemia

37
Q

clinical signs of hemostasis defects

A

hematomas, hemorrhaging, bleeding into muscles, joints, and cavities, delayed clotting, petechiae

38
Q

fibrinolysis

A

break down of fibrin clot

39
Q

lysis of clot through activation of…

A

plasminogen into plasmin

40
Q

breakdown of fibrin produces…

A

fibrinogen degradation products (FDP)

41
Q

FDPs

A

have anticoagulant activity; block thrombin & inhibit platelets

42
Q

excessive FDP

A

DIC, liver failure, heat stroke, trauma, necrosis

43
Q

DIC

A

Excessive activation of clotting mechanism results in fibrin clot formation throughout microcirculation

44
Q

primary hemostasis in house tests

A

platelet count and BMBT

45
Q

secondary hemostasis in house tests

A

ACT and APTT

46
Q

what tests for fibrinogen

A

thromboplastin time

Clin Path II (8 decks)

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