blood transfusion Flashcards
needs for blood transfusion
acute hemorrhage, replacing vascular volume, whole blood transfusions, coagulopathies, vWD
fresh whole blood (FWB)
unit of blood that has been obtained within 8 hours prior to administration
fresh whole blood contains
all cellular and plasma components of blood, P who need red blood cells, plasma, and platelets
stored whole blood
still contains all cellular and plasma components of blood, stored at 4 degrees, kept up to 28 days
stored whole blood for patients who are
anemic or hypoproteinemic
packed red blood cells (pRBC)
unit of blood that has red blood cells separated from plasma content within 8 hours of collection
pRBC should be kept at
4 degrees for up to 42 days
pRBC can be used in patients who are
anemic
fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
unit of blood where RBC are separated from plasma which remain
FFP is viable up to
a year, stored between 20-40 degrees C
FFP contains
coag factors, albumin, and proteins
FFP is used for
secondary coagulopathies, rodenticide poisoning, liver failure, DIC, and parvo
frozen or stored plasma (SP)
frozen plasma stored at 20-40 degrees C, viable up to 2 years
indications for SP
hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia
cryoprecipitate
contains high levels of fibrinogen, fibronectin, factor VIII, vWF
cryoprecipitate is used for
coagulopathies due to plasma protein deficiencies
cryoprecipitate poor plasma
indicated in patients that are hypoproteinemic but the risk of synthetic plasma expanders outweighs the benefit.
platelet rich plasma
only viable for 5 days at constant agitation
DEA
dog erythrocyte antigen
DEA are categorized as
positive or negative
major DEA blood groups
1, 3, 4, 5, 7
clinically significant blood groups
1 and 7
_____ of dogs are positive for DEA 1 antigen
50%
Dal-negative dogs are at high risk for
infusion incompatibility
DEA 1 neg and DEA 1 pos will _________
not have an immediate reaction
blood groups for cats
A, B, AB
cats possess naturally occuring
antibodies to the erythrocyte antigen they are lacking
Type B cats have ______ anti-A antibodies while type A cats have _____ anti-B antibodies
strong, weak
transfusing type B cat with type A cat may result in
serious reaction and death
additional blood cell antigen in cats
Mik
method of blood typing
immunochromatography assay and agglutination assay
______ is gold standard for blood typing
tube method
look over slide 21-22
blood cross matching tests assess
the serologic compatibility or incompatibility between donor and recipient
crossmatching does not
replace blood typing
universal dog donor
DEA 1 negative that has never had a transfusion
blood type ____ is most common in cats and _____ is most rare
A, AB
blood type AB does not have
naturally occuring alloantibodies
moderate transfusion reactions
fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, vomiting
how to treat transfusion reactions
transfusion should be stopped, and glucocorticoids should be administered, fluid therapy, vitals should be monitored
severe transfusion reactions
tachypnea, hypotension, collapse, fever, bradycardia, sudden death
treatment for severe reactions
cease transfusion, administer epi, IV fluids, O2, CPR
blood volume transfusion equation
k (bw in kgs) (required PCV - recipient PCV) / pcv of donor blood
(k = 90 in dogs and 66 in cats)
no greater than _____ of donors blood should be collected
10%
