Hemoglobin

Question 1

Which state does iron need to be in to bind to oxygen?

Answer 1

2+ or ferrous

Question 2

T state is present when….

Answer 2

You don’t get any oxygen.

You’re tense when you don’t get any. You relax after you get some.

Question 3

What is the concept of positive cooperativity?

Answer 3

The more O that binds, the greater the affinity of binding.

Question 4

An increase of which of the following leads to a “right shift” on a O2 curve?

Temp
CO2
2-3 BPG
pH

Answer 4

Temp
CO2
BPG

a DECREASE in pH or an INCREASE in H+ shifts to the right

Question 5

What stimulates 2-3 BPG production?

Answer 5

High altitude
Anemia
CHF
Cirrhosis of liver

Question 6

Which chromosome contains the alpha subunit of hemoglobin? What other subunits are there?

Answer 6

16

zeta-alpha 2-alpha 1

Question 7

Which chromosome contains the beta subunit of hemoglobin? What other subunits are there?

Answer 7

11

epsilon, Gy Ay, delta, Beta

Question 8

What are the 3 ways to get cyanosis?

Answer 8

1. Too much deoxyhemoglobin (85%)
2. Too much methemoglobin
3. Sulfhemoglobinemia

Question 9

What is methemoglobin?

Answer 9

Autosomal dominant disease

Fe3+ in heme group.

Often caused by Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency

Question 10

Cyanosis is present in in hemoglobin disorders with ________ O2 affinity.

Answer 10

Low O2 (high P50)

Question 11

Erythrocytosis is present in in hemoglobin disorders with ________ O2 affinity.

Answer 11

High O2 (low P50)

Question 12

What does methylene do?

Answer 12

Converts Fe3+ –> Fe2+ in methemoglobin

Question 13

What happens in hemolysis with chemical profiles?

Answer 13

BLUHD
Biliruben
Lactate dehydrogenase

UP

Haptoglobin down

Question 14

What are the findings of iron deficiency?

Answer 14

Dec Iron, Inc Total Iron Binding Capacity, Dec Ferritin

Question 15

What is ion/mineral/vitamin absorbed in each part of the small intestine?

Answer 15

Duodenum- Iron
Jejunum- Folic Acid
Illium- B12