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echo notes > hemodynamic > Flashcards

hemodynamic Flashcards

1
Q

hemodynamic

A

performance is reflected > any # measurement ( stroke volume/ cardiac output)

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2
Q

hemodynamic influenced by

A

preload, afterload, contractility, HR / autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

stroke volume

A

volume : blood being pumped put : Lt vent during each systolic cardiac contraction

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4
Q

heart rate

A

: time HB within 1 min

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5
Q

cardiac performance maybe enhance by … bc …

A

decrease HR / it allows greater diastolic filing

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6
Q

cardiac output

A

amount : blood > pumped > circulation system 1 min

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7
Q

cardiac output direct effect

A

Blood pressure

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8
Q

if Cardiac output ….. so does …

A

increases / BP

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9
Q

frank starling Law

A

SV : Lt vent volume ^ due > myocardium stretching

causing more forceful contraction

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10
Q

Heart failure

A

medical condition : affect > ❤️ ability pump blood as its should

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11
Q

how much blood ❤️ puts out affects

A

preload
afterload
contractility

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12
Q

if ❤️ does not refill well …

A

it wont have enough blood to send out

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13
Q

Preload

A

amount : stretch > ❤️
( most full, rt before it empties)

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14
Q

another name for Preload

A

Lt vent End diastole pressure

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15
Q

preload requires .. but

A

enough blood / fluid > fill ❤️, enough stretch > fill up

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16
Q

afterload

A

pressure ❤️> overcome > eject blood

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17
Q

another name afterload

A

systemic resistance

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18
Q

❤️ needs

A

extra pressure > open AV > send blood out

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19
Q

❤️ relies on

A

balance : pressure > vein

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20
Q

if vein > constricted ( tight)
OR
high pressure blood will..

A

not flow as well
❤️ ^ pressure it uses > squeeze out blood

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21
Q

contractility

A

❤️ ability > squeeze, regardless : what has filled it

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22
Q

contractility will be harmful if..

A

❤️ becomes damage as it does w/ HF

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23
Q

amount of blood ❤️ send out depends

A

preload
afterload
contractility

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24
Q

ejection fraction - EF

A

how much blood > ❤️ send out

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25
Hf w/ reduced EF occurs
❤️ Ef decreases > less than 40%
26
HF w/ reduced EF appearance
Lt vent hypertrophy ( wall getting thicker)
27
most ppl w/ HF w/ reduced EF
decrease contractility / ^ after load
28
HF w/ preserved EF
❤️ doesn't fill up w/ enough blood even though > pump out reg % : blood it is not enough > meet body demands
29
HF w/ preserved EF preload..
decrease bc ❤️ isn't able > relax as well as it should
30
HF w/ preserved EF afterload
^ as an attempt > ^ BP by tightening blood vessels
31
RT vent systolic dysfunction
HF most common affect Lt side 1st however, some ppl LT HF can ultimately lead to RT side HF as ❤️ tried to make up for LT side not working well
32
another name for Rt vent systolic dysfunction
RT side HF
33
RVSD pt will have ... preload bc & after load and contractility will ...
decrease bc rt side ❤️ isn't working well / won't fill vent as well & ^
34
blood flow velocity profile depends >
shape size : vessel / chamber it travels through wall characteristic timing within cardiac cycle, flow rate, viscosity : blood
35
flow starts
Uniformly w/ similar velocity profile gives a flat laminar appearance
36
what are the 4 type of blood flow
inlet ( plug flow) laminar parabolic disturbed turbulence
37
inlet flow
all velocities > equal at all radius distance > center : vessel
38
another name for inlet flow
plug flow
39
inlet / plug flow is located ..
at entrance : vessels
40
laminar flow
fluid particle motion becomes smooth / parallel > each other
41
fully developed laminar flow becomes
parabolic > shape
42
parabolic flow
bullet shape flow w/ fastest velocities > center : vessel
43
disturbed flow
occurs > area : vessel bifurcation > fluid particle still flow > forward direction but have been disturbed
44
turbulent flow occurs
fluids particle moves > multiple direction / different velocities
45
turbulent flow is
abnormal flow
46
turbulent may develop when
blood becomes turbulent
47
vortices
whirling / circular motion : blood
48
eddies
small circular current
49
eddies occurs in echo when you have ...
stenotic ❤️ valve
50
negative doppler shift
blood moves away from transducer
51
negative doppler shift flow >
below the baseline
52
postive doppler shift
blood moves towards transducer
53
postive doppler shift flow >
above baseline
54
pulse wave doppler
sends / receives US pulse at timed interval > location : where sample volume > positioned
55
PW allows detection : ..
flow specific area : vessel / organs ( able to know where its coming from)
56
nyquist limit
1 limitation pwd > higher velocities will exceed > nyquist limit / aliasing : spectral trace will occur
57
PRF
changed based > depth : sample volume > larger distance transducer > sample site requires more time > pulse to be transmitted / received
58
color doppler
helps w/ assessment flow dynamic ( direction : blood flow )
59
continuous wave doppler
delivers continuous pulses out / back ( constantly transmits / receives)
60
3 types : pressure gradient calculations
peak - peak mean gradient peak instantaneous
61
peak - peak
compares peak systolic pressure : RT / LT vent : gradient : pulmonary artery / aorta
62
peak - peak is used to determine
serverity : SL valves stenosis (blockage)
63
peak - peak used by
cardiac catherization lab
64
mean gradient used to measure
PG overtime
65
mean gradient used assess
valvular stenosis
66
mean gradient used by ..... & .......
echo / cardiac catherization lab
67
...... & ..... should demonstrate close correlation
cardiac doppler / catherization mean gradient
68
peak instantaneous measured at
peak pressure differ b/w 2 cardiac chamber
69
peak instantaneous evaluates
valvular stenosis
70
peak instantaneous used by
echo/cardiac catherization lab
71
only ..... have similar correlation
mean gradient
72
hypertension
condition > force : blood against > artery wall is too high
73
hypertension is .... circuits
systemic
74
systolic pressure
120 mmHG
75
diastolic pressure
80 mmHG
76
blood pressure is primary diagnosed by
measuring pressure w/ inflatable BP cuff / gauge
77
HTN may cause finding :
dilated Lt atrium / vent : chamber itself getting bigger
78
BP less than 120/ 80 mmHG
hypotension
79
BP more than 120/80 mmHG
hypertension
80
Pulmonary hypertension
high BP > affects RT side : ❤️
81
pulmonary HTN is .... circuit
pulmonary
82
pulmonary HTN is primary diagnosis w/
echocardiogram
83
to determine if to had pulmonary HTN 1st determine
tricuspid regurgitation
84
normal pulmonary circulation
normal blood flow enters pulmonary circuit > SVC,IVC,CS > allows deoxygenated blood enters > ❤️ ( received by ) RT atrium > RVIT ( TV) > RT vent > RVOT ( pulmonic valve) > pulmonary > lung
85
end : ......circuit , beginning : ......
pulmonary / systemic
86
cardiac cycle area
high pressure moves > low pressure area
87
PHTN significantly ...... pressure > .......
elevated / pulmonary artery
88
tricuspid regurgitation occurs
black flow
89
retrograde flow & causes
rt vent back > rt atrium & volume overload
90
PHTN
rt side HF
91
PHTN 1st identify prensence
92
PHTN evaluate
93
rt atrium should always be .... than .... = ......
smaller / LT atrium / volume overload
94
in case : TR dilation : RT atrium use ....
CW doppler> TR velocity / calculate degree : PHTN
95
Bernoullis equation
calculating peak pressure gradient : simplified > squaring doppler velocity / multiplying by 4 (4V)
96
calculating RVSP used
estimate pressure inside pulmonary artery ( supplies blood > lung )
97
RVSP helps us determine
if pt has PHTN
98
Right atrial pressure
size / collapse : IVC
99
PHTN echo finding
dialted RT vent RT vent hypertrophy D-shape interventricular : septum ( due > ^ pressure) Rt atrial enlargement pulmonic regurgitation Mod- severe TR dilated IVC w/o collapse

echo notes (10 decks)

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