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anatomy > hemodynamic > Flashcards

hemodynamic Flashcards

1
Q

hemodynamic

A

performance is reflected > any # measurement ( stroke volume/ cardiac output)

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2
Q

hemodynamic influenced by

A

preload, afterload, contractility, HR / autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

stroke volume

A

volume : blood being pumped put : Lt vent during each systolic cardiac contraction

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4
Q

heart rate

A

: time HB within 1 min

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5
Q

cardiac performance maybe enhance by … bc …

A

decrease HR / it allows greater diastolic filing

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6
Q

cardiac output

A

amount : blood > pumped > circulation system 1 min

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7
Q

cardiac output direct effect

A

Blood pressure

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8
Q

if Cardiac output ….. so does …

A

increases / BP

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9
Q

frank starling Law

A

SV : Lt vent volume ^ due > myocardium stretching

causing more forceful contraction

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10
Q

Heart failure

A

medical condition : affect > ❤️ ability pump blood as its should

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11
Q

how much blood ❤️ puts out affects

A

preload
afterload
contractility

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12
Q

if ❤️ does not refill well …

A

it wont have enough blood to send out

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13
Q

Preload

A

amount : stretch > ❤️
( most full, rt before it empties)

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14
Q

another name for Preload

A

Lt vent End diastole pressure

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15
Q

preload requires .. but

A

enough blood / fluid > fill ❤️, enough stretch > fill up

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16
Q

afterload

A

pressure ❤️> overcome > eject blood

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17
Q

another name afterload

A

systemic resistance

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18
Q

❤️ needs

A

extra pressure > open AV > send blood out

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19
Q

❤️ relies on

A

balance : pressure > vein

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20
Q

if vein > constricted ( tight)
OR
high pressure blood will..

A

not flow as well
❤️ ^ pressure it uses > squeeze out blood

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21
Q

contractility

A

❤️ ability > squeeze, regardless : what has filled it

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22
Q

contractility will be harmful if..

A

❤️ becomes damage as it does w/ HF

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23
Q

amount of blood ❤️ send out depends

A

preload
afterload
contractility

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24
Q

ejection fraction - EF

A

how much blood > ❤️ send out

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25
Q

Hf w/ reduced EF occurs

A

❤️ Ef decreases > less than 40%

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26
Q

HF w/ reduced EF appearance

A

Lt vent hypertrophy
( wall getting thicker)

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27
Q

most ppl w/ HF w/ reduced EF

A

decrease contractility / ^ after load

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28
Q

HF w/ preserved EF

A

❤️ doesn’t fill up w/ enough blood

even though > pump out reg % : blood it is not enough > meet body demands

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29
Q

HF w/ preserved EF preload..

A

decrease bc ❤️ isn’t able > relax as well as it should

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30
Q

HF w/ preserved EF afterload

A

^ as an attempt > ^ BP by tightening blood vessels

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31
Q

RT vent systolic dysfunction

A

HF most common affect Lt side 1st however, some ppl LT HF can ultimately lead to RT side HF as ❤️ tried to make up for LT side not working well

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32
Q

another name for Rt vent systolic dysfunction

A

RT side HF

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33
Q

RVSD pt will have … preload bc & after load and contractility will …

A

decrease bc rt side ❤️ isn’t working well / won’t fill vent as well & ^

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34
Q

blood flow velocity profile depends >

A

shape
size : vessel / chamber it travels through
wall characteristic
timing within cardiac cycle, flow rate, viscosity : blood

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35
Q

flow starts

A

Uniformly w/ similar velocity profile gives a flat laminar appearance

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36
Q

what are the 4 type of blood flow

A

inlet ( plug flow)
laminar
parabolic
disturbed
turbulence

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37
Q

inlet flow

A

all velocities > equal at all radius distance > center : vessel

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38
Q

another name for inlet flow

A

plug flow

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39
Q

inlet / plug flow is located ..

A

at entrance : vessels

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40
Q

laminar flow

A

fluid particle motion becomes smooth / parallel > each other

41
Q

fully developed laminar flow becomes

A

parabolic > shape

42
Q

parabolic flow

A

bullet shape flow w/ fastest velocities > center : vessel

43
Q

disturbed flow

A

occurs > area : vessel bifurcation > fluid particle still flow > forward direction but have been disturbed

44
Q

turbulent flow occurs

A

fluids particle moves > multiple direction / different velocities

45
Q

turbulent flow is

A

abnormal flow

46
Q

turbulent may develop when

A

blood becomes turbulent

47
Q

vortices

A

whirling / circular motion : blood

48
Q

eddies

A

small circular current

49
Q

eddies occurs in echo when you have …

A

stenotic ❤️ valve

50
Q

negative doppler shift

A

blood moves away from transducer

51
Q

negative doppler shift flow >

A

below the baseline

52
Q

postive doppler shift

A

blood moves towards transducer

53
Q

postive doppler shift flow >

A

above baseline

54
Q

pulse wave doppler

A

sends / receives US pulse at timed interval > location : where sample volume > positioned

55
Q

PW allows detection : ..

A

flow specific area : vessel / organs
( able to know where its coming from)

56
Q

nyquist limit

A

1 limitation pwd > higher velocities will exceed > nyquist limit / aliasing : spectral trace will occur

57
Q

PRF

A

changed based > depth : sample volume > larger distance transducer > sample site requires more time > pulse to be transmitted / received

58
Q

color doppler

A

helps w/ assessment flow dynamic
( direction : blood flow )

59
Q

continuous wave doppler

A

delivers continuous pulses out / back
( constantly transmits / receives)

60
Q

3 types : pressure gradient calculations

A

peak - peak
mean gradient
peak instantaneous

61
Q

peak - peak

A

compares peak systolic pressure : RT / LT vent : gradient : pulmonary artery / aorta

62
Q

peak - peak is used to determine

A

serverity : SL valves stenosis (blockage)

63
Q

peak - peak used by

A

cardiac catherization lab

64
Q

mean gradient used to measure

A

PG overtime

65
Q

mean gradient used assess

A

valvular stenosis

66
Q

mean gradient used by ….. & …….

A

echo / cardiac catherization lab

67
Q

…… & ….. should demonstrate close correlation

A

cardiac doppler / catherization mean gradient

68
Q

peak instantaneous measured at

A

peak pressure differ b/w 2 cardiac chamber

69
Q

peak instantaneous evaluates

A

valvular stenosis

70
Q

peak instantaneous used by

A

echo/cardiac catherization lab

71
Q

only ….. have similar correlation

A

mean gradient

72
Q

hypertension

A

condition > force : blood against > artery wall is too high

73
Q

hypertension is …. circuits

A

systemic

74
Q

systolic pressure

A

120 mmHG

75
Q

diastolic pressure

A

80 mmHG

76
Q

blood pressure is primary diagnosed by

A

measuring pressure w/ inflatable BP cuff / gauge

77
Q

HTN may cause finding :

A

dilated Lt atrium / vent : chamber itself getting bigger

78
Q

BP less than 120/ 80 mmHG

A

hypotension

79
Q

BP more than 120/80 mmHG

A

hypertension

80
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

high BP > affects RT side : ❤️

81
Q

pulmonary HTN is …. circuit

A

pulmonary

82
Q

pulmonary HTN is primary diagnosis w/

A

echocardiogram

83
Q

to determine if to had pulmonary HTN 1st determine

A

tricuspid regurgitation

84
Q

normal pulmonary circulation

A

normal blood flow enters pulmonary circuit > SVC,IVC,CS > allows deoxygenated blood enters > ❤️ ( received by ) RT atrium > RVIT ( TV) > RT vent > RVOT ( pulmonic valve) > pulmonary > lung

85
Q

end : ……circuit , beginning : ……

A

pulmonary / systemic

86
Q

cardiac cycle area

A

high pressure moves > low pressure area

87
Q

PHTN significantly …… pressure > …….

A

elevated / pulmonary artery

88
Q

tricuspid regurgitation occurs

A

black flow

89
Q

retrograde flow & causes

A

rt vent back > rt atrium & volume overload

90
Q

PHTN

A

rt side HF

91
Q

PHTN 1st identify prensence

A
92
Q

PHTN evaluate

A
93
Q

rt atrium should always be …. than …. = ……

A

smaller / LT atrium / volume overload

94
Q

in case : TR dilation : RT atrium use ….

A

CW doppler> TR velocity / calculate degree : PHTN

95
Q

Bernoullis equation

A

calculating peak pressure gradient : simplified > squaring doppler velocity / multiplying by 4 (4V)

96
Q

calculating RVSP used

A

estimate pressure inside pulmonary artery
( supplies blood > lung )

97
Q

RVSP helps us determine

A

if pt has PHTN

98
Q

Right atrial pressure

A

size / collapse : IVC

99
Q

PHTN echo finding

A

dialted RT vent
RT vent hypertrophy
D-shape interventricular : septum ( due > ^ pressure)
Rt atrial enlargement
pulmonic regurgitation
Mod- severe TR
dilated IVC w/o collapse

anatomy (10 decks)

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