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anatomy > cardiac cycle > Flashcards

cardiac cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

records - display : person HB

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2
Q

diastole

A

phase : HB, myocardium ( relax)
allows chamber > fill w/ blood

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3
Q

systole

A

phase : HB, myocardium ( contrasts)
pumps blood > chamber > arteries

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4
Q

cardiac cycle

A

event > occurs during HB, each HB consists : systole / diastole

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5
Q

In atrial systole atrioventricular valve are ….

A

open, allowing ventricle filling

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6
Q

In atrial systole blood is pushing against….. keeping them …

A

Semilunar vale/ closed

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7
Q

In atrial systole atrial

A

Contraction ( squeezing)

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8
Q

In atrial systole contraction causes blood to push to ….

A

relax vent bc low pressure in vent

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9
Q

in isovolumentric contraction AV valve are …. creating

A

closes, 1st heart sound

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10
Q

in isovolumentric contraction interventricular pressure begins …

A

increased

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11
Q

in isovolumentric contraction ventricle pressure is …

A

not enough to open SL Valve

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12
Q

in isovolumentric contraction volume remains …. but pressure

A

unchanged, increased rapidly

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13
Q

in ejection SL valve are

A

open

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14
Q

in ejection blood > ejected from heart pressure is exceed to

A

aorta / pulmonary artery

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15
Q

ejection occurs

A

b/w S/T wave : ECG

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16
Q

in isovolumentric relaxtion marked by

A

end : ventricular systole ( end T wave )

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17
Q

in isovolumentric relaxtion when … excess

A

pressure : aorta / pulmonary artery / vent pressure

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18
Q

in isovolumentric relaxtion SL valve are & creates

A

forced shunt / 2nd heart sound

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19
Q

in isovolumentric relaxtion period b/w SL valve are & AV valve are

A

closed / reopens

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20
Q

In passive ventricular filling is a period when intraventricular pressure .. / interatrial pressure …

A

decreases / increase

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21
Q

In passive ventricular filling setting up

A

new P wave / new cardiac cycle

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22
Q

In passive ventricular filling pressure push AV valve

A

open

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23
Q

In passive ventricular filling blood passively fills

A

Ventricle

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24
Q

why is cardiac cycle Important > echo

A

Biplane Simmons
helps differ b/w volume jet (LVOT/MR)
during stress echo

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25
Q

parasternal Long axis measures
gives us ..

A

largerest point (end diastole)
smallest measurement ( end systole)
stroke volume / ejection fraction (systolic)

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26
Q

stroke volume

A

volume : blood pumped out : Lt vent during each systolic / cardiac contraction

EDV - ESV

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27
Q

ejection fraction

A

% : blood leaving > w / every vent contraction

EDV - ESV / EDV X 100 OR SV / EDV X 100

28
Q

normal Ejection fraction

A

55-74 %

29
Q

what is EKG ?

A

Electrocardiogram, ECG, EKG

graph recording : electrical conduction > ❤️ over a period of: time using electrodes placed over skin

30
Q

V1/V2

A

flank > sternal border > 4th intercostal space

31
Q

V3

A

midway ponit b/w V2 - V4

32
Q

V4/V5/V6

A

5th intercostal space

33
Q

usage : ECG

A
  1. rate / rhythm disorder
  2. conduction problem
  3. myocardial ischemic
  4. myocardial infraction
  5. chamber dialtion
  6. chamber hypertrophy ( thickening)
  7. Inflammation
  8. electrolytes disturbance
  9. drug toxicity
34
Q

EKG :

A

Collection : small boxes > inside collection : large boxes

35
Q

Horizontal axis :

A

Represent = time : 5 small boxes = 0.04 secs
5 small boxes > 1 large box = 0.20 sec

36
Q

Ventricle axis :

A

Represent = voltage ( amplitudes)
1 vertical box = 1 mm length
5 small boxes = 1 large box = 5 mm length

37
Q

EKG Deflection represents

A

electrical activity

38
Q

EKG deflection creates

A

depolarization / repolarization : atrial / ventricular

39
Q

if electrical current flows >towards > lead than … deflection is seen

A

postive

40
Q

if electrical current flows >aways > lead than … deflection is seen

A

negative

41
Q

Normal HB

A

60-100

42
Q

Tachycardia

A

< 60 BPM

43
Q

Bradycardia

A

> 100 BPM

44
Q

calculate heart rhythm

A

count R wave / Multiply it by 6 OR 300 divided > # Large boxes b/w R-R interval

45
Q

rule : 300

A

: big boxes b/w neighborhood QRS complex, divided > 300 = result > proximate equal rate

46
Q

calculating HR - 10 sec rule

A

Most EKG records 10 sec : rhythm per pg 1 can simply count number : beats present : EKG & multiply it 6 number : beat per 60 sec

47
Q

what is an Arrhythmia

A

irregular HB ; problem w/ rate or rhythm : HB
your may beat too quickly OR 100 slowly or w/ irregular rhythm

48
Q

arrhythmia is treated w/

A

medicine / procedure to control irregular rhythm

49
Q

if arrhythmia is not treated it can and can lead to

A

damage ❤️, brain, other organ
life treating stroke, HF, cardiac arrest

50
Q

Different types : arrhythmia get their classification by

A

lotion where miscommunications occurs

51
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A

Miscommunication located > sinoatrial node

52
Q

atrial arrhythmia

A

Miscommunication located > atrial portion :

53
Q

Ventricular arrhythmia

A

Miscommunication located > ventricles

54
Q

sinus bradycardia

A

HR - > 60 BPM / SV firing too slow

55
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

HR - > 100 BPM

56
Q

Premature atrial contraction (PACS)

A

atrium contracts too soon

57
Q

Premature atrial contraction (PACS) causes

A

premature HB

58
Q

premature ventricle contraction

A

Ventricular contracts too soon

59
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

signal > upper chamber : ❤️ > chaotic

60
Q

another name for ST elevation myocardial infarction- STEMI

A

❤️ attack

61
Q

ST segment evaluation is , involved

A

total blockage / coronary artery / myocardium > dying

62
Q

NON STEMI heart attack involves

A

Artery w/ parietal blockage

63
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

type : arrhythmia during ventricular fibrillation disorganized ❤️ signal

64
Q

ventricular fibrillation causes , resulting

A

lower chamber ( ventricle) > twitch ( quiver) / ❤️ doesn’t pump blood > rest : body

65
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

may or may not have a pulse vent > firing at rapid rate > not allowing blood > fill them
not enough blood > being pumped out body

66
Q

another name for Asystole

A

cardiac arrest

67
Q

asystole

A

Ventricle > more dangerous due > being so important bc vent do more work > body

anatomy (10 decks)

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