cardiac cycle Flashcards by ivette capellan

Electrocardiogram

records - display : person HB

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diastole

phase : HB, myocardium ( relax)
allows chamber > fill w/ blood

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systole

phase : HB, myocardium ( contrasts)
pumps blood > chamber > arteries

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cardiac cycle

event > occurs during HB, each HB consists : systole / diastole

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In atrial systole atrioventricular valve are ….

open, allowing ventricle filling

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In atrial systole blood is pushing against….. keeping them …

Semilunar vale/ closed

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In atrial systole atrial

Contraction ( squeezing)

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In atrial systole contraction causes blood to push to ….

relax vent bc low pressure in vent

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in isovolumentric contraction AV valve are …. creating

closes, 1st heart sound

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in isovolumentric contraction interventricular pressure begins …

increased

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in isovolumentric contraction ventricle pressure is …

not enough to open SL Valve

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in isovolumentric contraction volume remains …. but pressure

unchanged, increased rapidly

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in ejection SL valve are

open

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in ejection blood > ejected from heart pressure is exceed to

aorta / pulmonary artery

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ejection occurs

b/w S/T wave : ECG

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in isovolumentric relaxtion marked by

end : ventricular systole ( end T wave )

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in isovolumentric relaxtion when … excess

pressure : aorta / pulmonary artery / vent pressure

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in isovolumentric relaxtion SL valve are & creates

forced shunt / 2nd heart sound

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in isovolumentric relaxtion period b/w SL valve are & AV valve are

closed / reopens

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In passive ventricular filling is a period when intraventricular pressure .. / interatrial pressure …

decreases / increase

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In passive ventricular filling setting up

new P wave / new cardiac cycle

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In passive ventricular filling pressure push AV valve

open

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In passive ventricular filling blood passively fills

Ventricle

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why is cardiac cycle Important > echo

Biplane Simmons
helps differ b/w volume jet (LVOT/MR)
during stress echo

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parasternal Long axis measures gives us ..

largerest point (end diastole) smallest measurement ( end systole) stroke volume / ejection fraction (systolic)

stroke volume

volume : blood pumped out : Lt vent during each systolic / cardiac contraction EDV - ESV

ejection fraction

% : blood leaving > w / every vent contraction EDV - ESV / EDV X 100 OR SV / EDV X 100

normal Ejection fraction

55-74 %

what is EKG ?

Electrocardiogram, ECG, EKG graph recording : electrical conduction > ❤️ over a period of: time using electrodes placed over skin

V1/V2

flank > sternal border > 4th intercostal space

midway ponit b/w V2 - V4

V4/V5/V6

5th intercostal space

usage : ECG

1. rate / rhythm disorder 2. conduction problem 3. myocardial ischemic 4. myocardial infraction 5. chamber dialtion 6. chamber hypertrophy ( thickening) 7. Inflammation 8. electrolytes disturbance 9. drug toxicity

EKG :

Collection : small boxes > inside collection : large boxes

Horizontal axis :

Represent = time : 5 small boxes = 0.04 secs 5 small boxes > 1 large box = 0.20 sec

Ventricle axis :

Represent = voltage ( amplitudes) 1 vertical box = 1 mm length 5 small boxes = 1 large box = 5 mm length

EKG Deflection represents

electrical activity

EKG deflection creates

depolarization / repolarization : atrial / ventricular

if electrical current flows >towards > lead than ... deflection is seen

postive

if electrical current flows >aways > lead than ... deflection is seen

negative

Normal HB

60-100

Tachycardia

< 60 BPM

Bradycardia

> 100 BPM

calculate heart rhythm

count R wave / Multiply it by 6 OR 300 divided > # Large boxes b/w R-R interval

rule : 300

: big boxes b/w neighborhood QRS complex, divided > 300 = result > proximate equal rate

calculating HR - 10 sec rule

Most EKG records 10 sec : rhythm per pg 1 can simply count number : beats present : EKG & multiply it 6 number : beat per 60 sec

what is an Arrhythmia

irregular HB ; problem w/ rate or rhythm : HB your may beat too quickly OR 100 slowly or w/ irregular rhythm

arrhythmia is treated w/

medicine / procedure to control irregular rhythm

if arrhythmia is not treated it can and can lead to

damage ❤️, brain, other organ life treating stroke, HF, cardiac arrest

Different types : arrhythmia get their classification by

lotion where miscommunications occurs

sinus arrhythmia

Miscommunication located > sinoatrial node

atrial arrhythmia

Miscommunication located > atrial portion :

Ventricular arrhythmia

Miscommunication located > ventricles

sinus bradycardia

HR - > 60 BPM / SV firing too slow

sinus tachycardia

HR - > 100 BPM

Premature atrial contraction (PACS)

atrium contracts too soon

Premature atrial contraction (PACS) causes

premature HB

premature ventricle contraction

Ventricular contracts too soon

atrial fibrillation

signal > upper chamber : ❤️ > chaotic

another name for ST elevation myocardial infarction- STEMI

❤️ attack

ST segment evaluation is , involved

total blockage / coronary artery / myocardium > dying

NON STEMI heart attack involves

Artery w/ parietal blockage

ventricular fibrillation

type : arrhythmia during ventricular fibrillation disorganized ❤️ signal

ventricular fibrillation causes , resulting

lower chamber ( ventricle) > twitch ( quiver) / ❤️ doesn't pump blood > rest : body

Ventricular tachycardia

may or may not have a pulse vent > firing at rapid rate > not allowing blood > fill them not enough blood > being pumped out body

another name for Asystole

cardiac arrest

asystole

Ventricle > more dangerous due > being so important bc vent do more work > body