Heme/Lymph Flashcards
Polycythemia can be an important finding to suggest an underlying what?
Malignancy
Secondary polycythemia (e.g., tumors) is related to elevated erythropoietin levels and is distinguished from primary polycythemia vera, which diagnostically has low serum erythropoietin levels.
Describe characteristics of DiGeorge syndrome
Absence of parathyroid glands and hypocalcemia leading to tetany
Absence of the thymus results in defective cellular immunity, which is responsible for recurrent infections. Also, lack of T cell-dependent immunity is responsible for absence of type IV hypersensitivity.
Abnormal facies, such as hypertelorism, micrognathia, and short philtrum, may be present
TdT is used as a marker for?
MOA?
early stage T- and B-cell development in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
works on early stages of lymphocyte maturation when rearrangements of the VDJ segments occur.
Pt with mono and elevated lymphocytes, the elevation is mainly made up of which cells (be specific)
reactive (“atypical”) T cell lymphocytosis (CD8+ cells).
Which type of drug should be used in place of heparin when a pt experiences Heparin-induced-Thrombocytopenia?
Recombinant hirudins such as bivalirudin are not inhibited by platelet factor 4 and are therefore successful in the treatment of HIT
Bivalirudin is a highly specific direct inhibitor of thrombin and, unlike heparin, its mechanism of action is independent of antithrombin III
new born with jaundice, elevated bilirubin, microspherocytoses, elevated reticulocytes, and weak positive direct coomb?
ABO or Rh incombatilbility
What should always be considered in pt’s younger than 50 who present with thrombosis and no obvious explanation for an acquired prothrombotic state?
Inherited causes of hypercoagulability
Factor V Leiden mutation causes factor Va resistance to inactivation by activated protein C, may account for approximately 20% of cases of atypical venous thrombosis.
red blood cells without central pallor is another way to say what? what would you see in a pt with this condition?
Spherocytosis
increased MCHC
increased lactate dehydrogenase, reticulocytosis,
decreased haptoglobin
Hypochromic microcytic anemia is most often caused by what deficiency? What are you likely to see on Wright-Giemsa stain after supplementation?
Iron deficiency
after supplementation erythropeisis increases and reticulocytes are released. These are slightly larger and bluer than a mature RBC and the ribosomal RNA meshwaork will appear blue after Wright-Geimsa stain
What is acute intermittent porphyria?
AD condition caused by porphobiligen deaminase deficiency.
asymptomatic until attacks of abdominal pain, vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, neuropsychological symptoms, and reddish-brown urine.
TX: IV glucose or heme preparations wich downregulate ALA synthetase activity
