HEMATOPOIESIS [MUST KNOWS]

Question 1

There are the two marrow specimens.

Answer 1

1. Trephine (Or Core) Biopsy
2. Aspiration (Post. Ilaic Crest, Sternum, or Tibia)

Tibia is the site for 18 months and below.

Question 2

What are the needles used in order to collect marrow specimens?

Answer 2

1. Jamshidi Needle (Trephine Biopsy)
2. Illinois/Sternal Needle (Aspiration)

Question 3

These are the myeloid to erythroid ratios (M:E).

Answer 3

• Normal Ratio 2:1 to 4:1 (3:1 Average)
• Infection 6:1
• Leukemia 25:1

Question 4

This is the percentage of marrow space occupied by the hematopoietic cells compared to fat.

Specimen of choice is BM Biopsy.

Primary site is the Sternum.

Safest most accessible side is the Illiac Crest (No nerve or vessels near).

Answer 4

Bone Marrow Cellularity

Question 5

What is the normocellular marrow for adults and the percentage of fats and hematopoietic elementds?

Answer 5

• Fats are 10 to 50%
• Hematopoietic Elements are 40 to 60% (Avg. 50%)

Question 6

What is the percentage of normocellular marrow for children under 2 years old?

Answer 6

100% Red Marrow

Question 7

What is the increase in one or more cell lines due to compensation and inversely, what is the loss of cellularity of incomplete development in one or more cell lines.

Answer 7

1. Hyperplasia (Increase)
2. Hypoplasia (Decrease)

Question 8

What happens to the myeloid to erythroid ratio in the following:

1. Myeloid Hyperplasia
2. Myeloid Hypoplasia
3. Erythroid Hyperplasia
4. Erythroid Hypoplasia

Answer 8

1. Increase M:E
2. Decrease M:E
3. Decrease M:E
4. Incease M:E

Question 9

What are the three granuloyctes used in determining the M:E ratio?

Answer 9

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Question 10

What are the percentages of HbA1, HbA2, and HbF in adults?

Answer 10

1. HbA1 >95%
2. HbA2 1.5 to 3%
3. HbF Less than 1% - 2%

Question 11

What is the percentage of HbF and HbA in neonates?

Answer 11

1. HbF is 60 to 80%
2. HbA is 20 to 40%

Question 12

This theory states that all blood cells are derived from uncommited stem cells (called pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells) which can give rise to several types of cells.

Answer 12

Monophyletic or Unitarian

Question 13

This theory states that the first recognizable and most primitive blood cells are already commited to develop in a specific cell line.

Answer 13

Polyphletic or Polytarian

Question 14

Stem cells and progrenitors in the marrow hematopoeiesis is divided into three major components or cell types which are?

Answer 14

1. Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)
2. Multipotent Progenitors
3. Lineage