HEMATOPOIESIS [CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS]

Question 1

Regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic precursor cells.

They can be used interchangeably.

These include:
- Interleukins
- Lymphokines
- Monokines
- Interferons
- Chemokines
- Colony Stimylating Factors

Answer 1

Cytokines or Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Question 2

Some growth factors synergize with other cytokines like the stimulating factor SCF.

What are the interleukins that this GF is synergistic to?

Answer 2

IL-1, IL-3, IL-6

Question 3

What are the early acting multilineage growth factors?

Answer 3

• SCF (Kit Ligan)
• FLT3 (FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase)
• IL-3
• GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor)
• IL-6
• IL-11

Question 4

What are the later-acting (lineage restrictied) growth factors?

Answer 4

• EPO (Erythropoietin)
• TPO (Thrombopoietin)
• G-CSF (Granulocyte)
• M-CSF (Macrophage)
• IL-5

Question 5

This growth factor are induced accessory cells to release acting factors such as IL-1.

Answer 5

Indirect-acting Growth Factors

Question 6

This interleukine is the one that triggers IL-3.

Answer 6

IL-1

Question 7

What are the negative regulators of hematopoiesis that stop the proliferation of blood cells?

Answer 7

• TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor)
• TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)

Question 8

GF’s that stimulates cells to proliferate.

Works synergistically with IL-3 and other cytokines to promote early HSC proliferation and differentiation.

Answer 8

Kit Ligand and FLT3 Ligand

Question 9

This growth factor regulates blood cell production by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages.

Answer 9

IL-3

Question 10

What growth factor induces expression of specific genes that stimulates HSC differentiation to the common myeloid progenitor?

Answer 10

GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor)

Question 11

What are the growth factors that stimulate the hematopoietic stem cells, creating positive feedback?

Answer 11

• G-CSF
• GM-CSF
• IL-1, 3, 6, and 11

Question 12

What are the growth factors that inhibit hematopoietic stem cell production, creating negative feeback?

Answer 12

• IFN
• TNF
• TGF-beta
• MIP1-alpha (Macrophage Inflammatory Protein)

Question 13

What is the stem cell marker (lymphoid and myeloid precursors)?

Answer 13

CD34