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Hematology I > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

yellow top addtive

A

acid citrate dextrose

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2
Q

purpose of yellow top

A

DNA testing & human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

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3
Q

another yellow type additive

A

Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate

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4
Q

purpose of yellow top sps

A

blood culture collection

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5
Q

needle length for venipuncture

A

1-1.5 inches

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6
Q

common needle angle for venipuncture

A

15-30 degrees

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7
Q

tan top additive

A

k2EDTA

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8
Q

pink top additive

A

k2EDTA

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9
Q

white top additive

A

k2EDTA & gel for plasma separation

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10
Q

orange top additive

A

thrombin

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11
Q

black top additive

A

sodium citrate

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12
Q

clear or transparent top additive

A

none

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13
Q

lab use of tan top

A

lead determination

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14
Q

lab use for pink top

A

cross-matching

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15
Q

lab use for white top

A

molecular diagnostic, pcr

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16
Q

lab use for orange top

A

STAT serum determination

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17
Q

lab use for black top

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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18
Q

lab use for clear top

A

discard tube or secondary specimen tube

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19
Q

dynamic & complex production of blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

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20
Q

5 function of hematopoiesis

A 
renewal
proliferation
differentiation
maturation
death
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21
Q

3 phases of hematopoiesis

A

mesoblastic
hepatic
medullary

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22
Q

start of hematopoiesis/mesoblastic sac

A

Primitive hematopoiesis

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23
Q

until death hematopoiesis/ liver & bone marrow

A

Definitive hematopoiesis

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24
Q

chief site of mesoblastic

A

yolk sac

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25
Q

start of mesoblastic

A

19th day of fetal development

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26
Q

predominant cell of mesoblastic phase

A

primitive erythroblast

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27
Q

gives out hemoglobin to satisfy the oxygen needs of the fetus

A

primitive erythroblast

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28
Q

what replaces the PE after it dies

A

Normoblastic cells

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29
Q

characteristics of mesoblastic phase

A
  • development of primitive erythroblast
  • embryonic hemoglobin present
  • occurs intravascularly
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30
Q

chief site of hepatic phase

A

fetal liver

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31
Q

start of hepatic phase

A

5-7 gestational weeks

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32
Q

when will the liver reaches its peak activity

A

3rd to 4th month

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33
Q

characteristics of hepatic phase

A
  • developing erythroid
  • occurs extravascularly
  • adult hemoglobin present
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34
Q

what are the adult hemoglobin present in hepatic phase

A

HbF,HbA and HbA2

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35
Q

chief site of medullary/myeloid phase

A

bone marrow (Red)

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36
Q

start of medullary phase

A

5th month of fetal life

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37
Q

when will bone marrow will be the chief site of hematopoiesis

A

by the end of 6 months

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38
Q

first bone to demonstrate marrow hematopoietic activity

A

clavicle

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39
Q

at birth, ______ is the chief site of blood cell formation

A

red bone marrow

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40
Q

M:E ratio meaning

A

Myeloid & Erythroid

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41
Q

Normal M:E ratio

A

3:1

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42
Q

regulates RBC production

A

Erythropoietin

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43
Q

acronym G-CSF

A

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

44
Q

acronym GM-CSF

A

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor

45
Q

myeloid precursor

A

White blood cells

46
Q

life span of WBC

A

hours to days

47
Q

produces erythropoietin

A

kidney

48
Q

tissue located within cavities of cortical bone

A

bone marrow

49
Q

2 types of marrow

A

red & yellow

50
Q

marrow that is hematopoietically active

A

red bone marrow

51
Q

marrow that is inactive (adipocytes)

A

yellow bone marrow

52
Q

process where red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow

A

retrogression

53
Q

age of retrogression

A

5-7 years old

54
Q

where is active red marrow hematopoiesis takes place

A

ribs
skull,scapulae,sternum
vertebrae
proximal end (long bones), pelvic

55
Q

hematopoiesis occuring in organs outside the bone

A

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

56
Q

where will extramedullary hematopoiesis happens

A

liver,spleen and lymph nodes

57
Q

cause of extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

bone marrow dysfunctional & BM unable to meet demands

58
Q

example of bone marrow dysfunctional

A

aplastic anemia

59
Q

example of BM unable to meet demands

A

hemolytic anemia

60
Q

condtition where rbc are destroyed & removed from bloodstream

A

Hemolytic Anemia

61
Q

bone marrow & hematopoietic stem cells that reside there is damaged

A

aplastic anemia

62
Q

Primary lymphoid tissue

A

bone marrow

thymus

63
Q

secondary lymphoid tissues

A

spleen

lymph nodes

64
Q

function of primary lymphoid tissue

A

PRODUCTION

65
Q

function of secondary lymphoid tissue

A

MATURATION

66
Q

role of liver in hematopoiesis

A 
M-etabolism of carbs & lipids
E-xcretion of bilirubin
D-etoxification of drugs & toxins
S-ynthesis of Protein
*I-ron recycling & storage
*C-oagulation factor synthesis
67
Q

site for hematopoiesis if BM shut down

A

liver

68
Q

proteins interact to form the fibrin clot

A

coagulation factor

69
Q
  • largest lymphoid organ in the body
  • graveyard of RBC
  • indiscriminate filter of the circulating blood
A

spleen

70
Q

function of spleen in hematopoiesis

A
  • synthesizes immuniglobulin M
  • -storage of 30% of total platelets
  • -removes damage & old RBC
71
Q

part of spleen, specialized macrophage, where dead RBC goes, cords of Billroth

A

Red pulp

72
Q

part of spleen, where active B and T-lymphocytes are contained, lymphocytes,macrophages & dendritic cells

A

White pulp

73
Q

where are the B cells

A

Bone marrow

74
Q

where are the T cells

A

Thymus

75
Q

exterior part of spleen

A

peritoneum

76
Q

interior part of spleen

A

connective tissue capsule

77
Q

2 process of spleen removing RBCs

A
  1. culling

2. pitting

78
Q

cells are phagocytized then degradarion of organelles

A

culling

79
Q

remove inclusions or damaged surface membrane

A

pitting

80
Q

enlargement of spleen that results topancytopenia despite hyperactive BM

A

Hypersplenism

81
Q

decrease blood cell on peripheral blood

A

pancytopenia

82
Q

function of lymph nodes

A
  • sites of lymphocyte proliferation
  • processing of immunoglobulin
  • filter debris & bacteria
83
Q

fluid portion of blood that escapes into connective tube

A

lymph

84
Q

3 basic regions of lymph nodes

A
  1. cortex
  2. paracortex
  3. medulla
85
Q

region of lymph nodes, cortical region, germinal centers/ B cell proliferation

A

cortex

86
Q

region of lymph nodes that has T cells & macrophages

A

Paracortex

87
Q

region of lymph nodes that has B lymphocytes & plasma cells

A

Medulla

88
Q
  • populated by primitive lymphoid cells from yolk sac & liver
  • retains the capability to produce T lymphocyte
A

Thymus

89
Q

size of thymus is related to ___

A

age

90
Q

“waiting zone” region of thymus/ progenitor lymphoid cells

A

cortex

91
Q

“holding zone” region of thymus/ mature T lymphocytes

A

medulla

92
Q

theories on the origin of hematopoietic progenitor cells

A
  1. monophyletic theory of hematopoiesis

2. Polyphyletic theory

93
Q

“All blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell”

A

monophyletic theory of hematopoiesus

94
Q

“each of the blood cell lineages is derived from its own unique stem cell”

A

Polyphyletic theory

95
Q

Fate of Hematopoetic stem cells

A

self-renewal
differentiation
apotosis

96
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

97
Q

types of division of HSC

A
  1. Symmetric

2. Assymetric

98
Q

same fate, self-renewal

A

Symmetric

99
Q

one undergo self-renewal, one undergo differentiation

A

Assymetric

100
Q

soluble proteins that are hematopoietic growth factors or group of specific glycoproteins

A

cytokines

101
Q

Cytokines includes:

A
  • interleukins
  • lymphokines
  • monokines
  • interferons
  • chemokines
  • colony stimulating factors
102
Q

if you study bone marrow

A

bone marrow biopsy

103
Q

site for adults of bone marrow

A

posterior iliac crest

104
Q

aspiration needle for bone marrow biopsy

A

Bone marrow aspirate

105
Q

other name for bone marrow aspirate

A

univesity of illinois needle

106
Q

percentage of yellow BM to red BM

A

Bone marrow cellularity

107
Q

2 types of BM bipsy

A

hypercellular

hypocellular

Hematology I (11 decks)

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