Hematopoiesis Flashcards
1
Q
yellow top addtive
A
acid citrate dextrose
2
Q
purpose of yellow top
A
DNA testing & human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
3
Q
another yellow type additive
A
Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate
4
Q
purpose of yellow top sps
A
blood culture collection
5
Q
needle length for venipuncture
A
1-1.5 inches
6
Q
common needle angle for venipuncture
A
15-30 degrees
7
Q
tan top additive
A
k2EDTA
8
Q
pink top additive
A
k2EDTA
9
Q
white top additive
A
k2EDTA & gel for plasma separation
10
Q
orange top additive
A
thrombin
11
Q
black top additive
A
sodium citrate
12
Q
clear or transparent top additive
A
none
13
Q
lab use of tan top
A
lead determination
14
Q
lab use for pink top
A
cross-matching
15
Q
lab use for white top
A
molecular diagnostic, pcr
16
Q
lab use for orange top
A
STAT serum determination
17
Q
lab use for black top
A
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
18
Q
lab use for clear top
A
discard tube or secondary specimen tube
19
Q
dynamic & complex production of blood cells
A
Hematopoiesis
20
Q
5 function of hematopoiesis
A
renewal proliferation differentiation maturation death
21
Q
3 phases of hematopoiesis
A
mesoblastic
hepatic
medullary
22
Q
start of hematopoiesis/mesoblastic sac
A
Primitive hematopoiesis
23
Q
until death hematopoiesis/ liver & bone marrow
A
Definitive hematopoiesis
24
Q
chief site of mesoblastic
A
yolk sac
25
start of mesoblastic
19th day of fetal development
26
predominant cell of mesoblastic phase
primitive erythroblast
27
gives out hemoglobin to satisfy the oxygen needs of the fetus
primitive erythroblast
28
what replaces the PE after it dies
Normoblastic cells
29
characteristics of mesoblastic phase
- development of primitive erythroblast
- embryonic hemoglobin present
- occurs intravascularly
30
chief site of hepatic phase
fetal liver
31
start of hepatic phase
5-7 gestational weeks
32
when will the liver reaches its peak activity
3rd to 4th month
33
characteristics of hepatic phase
- developing erythroid
- occurs extravascularly
- adult hemoglobin present
34
what are the adult hemoglobin present in hepatic phase
HbF,HbA and HbA2
35
chief site of medullary/myeloid phase
bone marrow (Red)
36
start of medullary phase
5th month of fetal life
37
when will bone marrow will be the chief site of hematopoiesis
by the end of 6 months
38
first bone to demonstrate marrow hematopoietic activity
clavicle
39
at birth, ______ is the chief site of blood cell formation
red bone marrow
40
M:E ratio meaning
Myeloid & Erythroid
41
Normal M:E ratio
3:1
42
regulates RBC production
Erythropoietin
43
acronym G-CSF
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
44
acronym GM-CSF
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor
45
myeloid precursor
White blood cells
46
life span of WBC
hours to days
47
produces erythropoietin
kidney
48
tissue located within cavities of cortical bone
bone marrow
49
2 types of marrow
red & yellow
50
marrow that is hematopoietically active
red bone marrow
51
marrow that is inactive (adipocytes)
yellow bone marrow
52
process where red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow
retrogression
53
age of retrogression
5-7 years old
54
where is active red marrow hematopoiesis takes place
ribs
skull,scapulae,sternum
vertebrae
proximal end (long bones), pelvic
55
hematopoiesis occuring in organs outside the bone
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
56
where will extramedullary hematopoiesis happens
liver,spleen and lymph nodes
57
cause of extramedullary hematopoiesis
bone marrow dysfunctional & BM unable to meet demands
58
example of bone marrow dysfunctional
aplastic anemia
59
example of BM unable to meet demands
hemolytic anemia
60
condtition where rbc are destroyed & removed from bloodstream
Hemolytic Anemia
61
bone marrow & hematopoietic stem cells that reside there is damaged
aplastic anemia
62
Primary lymphoid tissue
bone marrow
| thymus
63
secondary lymphoid tissues
spleen
| lymph nodes
64
function of primary lymphoid tissue
PRODUCTION
65
function of secondary lymphoid tissue
MATURATION
66
role of liver in hematopoiesis
```
M-etabolism of carbs & lipids
E-xcretion of bilirubin
D-etoxification of drugs & toxins
S-ynthesis of Protein
*I-ron recycling & storage
*C-oagulation factor synthesis
```
67
site for hematopoiesis if BM shut down
liver
68
proteins interact to form the fibrin clot
coagulation factor
69
- largest lymphoid organ in the body
- graveyard of RBC
- indiscriminate filter of the circulating blood
spleen
70
function of spleen in hematopoiesis
- synthesizes immuniglobulin M
* -storage of 30% of total platelets
* -removes damage & old RBC
71
part of spleen, specialized macrophage, where dead RBC goes, cords of Billroth
Red pulp
72
part of spleen, where active B and T-lymphocytes are contained, lymphocytes,macrophages & dendritic cells
White pulp
73
where are the B cells
Bone marrow
74
where are the T cells
Thymus
75
exterior part of spleen
peritoneum
76
interior part of spleen
connective tissue capsule
77
2 process of spleen removing RBCs
1. culling
| 2. pitting
78
cells are phagocytized then degradarion of organelles
culling
79
remove inclusions or damaged surface membrane
pitting
80
enlargement of spleen that results topancytopenia despite hyperactive BM
Hypersplenism
81
decrease blood cell on peripheral blood
pancytopenia
82
function of lymph nodes
- sites of lymphocyte proliferation
- processing of immunoglobulin
- filter debris & bacteria
83
fluid portion of blood that escapes into connective tube
lymph
84
3 basic regions of lymph nodes
1. cortex
2. paracortex
3. medulla
85
region of lymph nodes, cortical region, germinal centers/ B cell proliferation
cortex
86
region of lymph nodes that has T cells & macrophages
Paracortex
87
region of lymph nodes that has B lymphocytes & plasma cells
Medulla
88
- populated by primitive lymphoid cells from yolk sac & liver
- retains the capability to produce T lymphocyte
Thymus
89
size of thymus is related to ___
age
90
"waiting zone" region of thymus/ progenitor lymphoid cells
cortex
91
"holding zone" region of thymus/ mature T lymphocytes
medulla
92
theories on the origin of hematopoietic progenitor cells
1. monophyletic theory of hematopoiesis
| 2. Polyphyletic theory
93
"All blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell"
monophyletic theory of hematopoiesus
94
"each of the blood cell lineages is derived from its own unique stem cell"
Polyphyletic theory
95
Fate of Hematopoetic stem cells
self-renewal
differentiation
apotosis
96
programmed cell death
apoptosis
97
types of division of HSC
1. Symmetric
| 2. Assymetric
98
same fate, self-renewal
Symmetric
99
one undergo self-renewal, one undergo differentiation
Assymetric
100
soluble proteins that are hematopoietic growth factors or group of specific glycoproteins
cytokines
101
Cytokines includes:
- interleukins
- lymphokines
- monokines
- interferons
- chemokines
- colony stimulating factors
102
if you study bone marrow
bone marrow biopsy
103
site for adults of bone marrow
posterior iliac crest
104
aspiration needle for bone marrow biopsy
Bone marrow aspirate
105
other name for bone marrow aspirate
univesity of illinois needle
106
percentage of yellow BM to red BM
Bone marrow cellularity
107
2 types of BM bipsy
hypercellular
| hypocellular
