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Hematology I > Blood Collection > Flashcards

Blood Collection Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways of collecting blood

A
  1. skin puncture
  2. venipuncture
  3. arterial puncture
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2
Q

the most crucial step in blood collection

A

patient identification

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3
Q

2 identifiers

A
  1. full name

2. birthdate

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4
Q

factors to avoid preanalytic variables

A

physiological factors

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5
Q

physiological factors affecting test results

A
  1. posture
  2. diurnal rhythm
  3. exercise
  4. stress
  5. diet
  6. smoking
  7. age
  8. altitude
  9. dehydration
  10. drug therapy
  11. gender
  12. pregnancy
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6
Q

the hormone that inhibits erythropoiesis

A

estrogen

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7
Q

used only when small quantities of blood are required

A

skin puncture

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8
Q

unit for skin puncture

A

microliter

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9
Q

skin puncture often performed in:

A
  1. newborns
  2. adults (severely burned)
  3. pediatric patients younger than 2 years old
  4. elderly patients with fragile veins
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10
Q

indications for capillary puncture

A
  1. avaiable veins are fragile or must be saved for other procedures such as chemotherapy
  2. several unsuccessful veni
  3. patient has thrombotic or clot forming tendecies
  4. patient is apprehensive or has an intense fear of needles
  5. no accessible veins
  6. to obtain blood for POCT procedures such as glucose monitoring
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11
Q

preferred method of obtaining blood from infants & very young

A

capillary puncture

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12
Q

how many iron is remove every 10 mL of blood

A

4 mg of iron

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13
Q

removal of 4 mg of iron can lead to

A

iatrogenic anemia

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14
Q
  • mixture of venous, arterial and tissue fluid

- preferred specimen for some tests such as newborn screening test

A

Capillary blood

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15
Q

depth of lancet

A

not more than 2 mm

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16
Q

more than 2 mm depth of lancet can lead to

A

osteomyelitis or bone environment

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17
Q

pressure/squeezing in skin puncture can

A

increase tissue fluid

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18
Q

milking the site in skin puncture can cause

A

tissue fluid & hemolysis

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19
Q

1st drop of blood in skin puncture is contaminated with

A
  1. dead skin cells
  2. tissue fluid
  3. alcohol
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20
Q

these parameters are lower in capillary blood

A
  1. RBC count
  2. hematocrit
  3. hemoglobin
  4. platelets
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21
Q

____ compared to venous blood

A

higher WBC count (15-20%)

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22
Q

puncture sites for infants

A

lateral surface of the plantar side of the heel

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23
Q

CLSI policy states that _____ infants should not be puncture on the fingers

A

1 yr old below

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24
Q

skin puncture site for children with too small fingers but have started walking

A

plantar surface of the big toe

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25
Q

puncture site older children & adults

A

palmar surface if the distal portion of the third (middle) or fourth (ring) finger

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26
Q

sites to avoid in skin puncture

A
  1. swollen (edematous)
  2. bruised
  3. cyanotic
  4. infected areas that have been punctured
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27
Q

equipment for skin puncture

A
  1. microcollection container
  2. microcollection tube
  3. microtube
  4. microbullet
  5. lancet
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28
Q

OSHA required lancet safety feature

A

permanently retractable blade or needle point

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29
Q

function of warming devices

A

increases blood flow 7x

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30
Q

temperature of warming device

A

42 C

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31
Q

capillary blood closely resemble the

A

venous blood

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32
Q

order of draw for skin puncture

A
  1. tube for blood gas analysis
  2. slides, unless made from specimen in the EDTA microcollection tube
  3. EDTA microcollection tube
  4. Other microcollection tubes with anticoagulants
  5. serum microcollection tube
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33
Q

order of draw for microcollection tube

A
  1. lavender - k2edta - 10x
  2. green - lithium heparin - 10x
  3. mint green - lithium heparin and gel - 10x
  4. Grey - Na2EDTA - 10x
  5. Gold - Clot activator & gel - 5x
  6. Red- no additive - 0x
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34
Q

additive for green/red band capillary tube

A

ammonium heparin

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35
Q

additive for light blue capillary tube

A

no anticoagulant

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36
Q

place that is required with blood collection equipment

A

blood drawing station

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37
Q

prevents or inhibit the growth & development of microorganism

A

Antiseptics

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38
Q

most commonly used antiseptic

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

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39
Q

antiseptic for person allergic to alcohol

A

chlorhexidine gluconate

40
Q

antiseptic for blood culture specimen collection

A

povidone iodine

41
Q

antiseptic for alcohol testing

A

benzalkonium chloride

42
Q

used to remove or kill microorganisms on surface & instruments

A

Disinfectant

43
Q

most recommended disinfectant

A

sodium hypochlorite

44
Q

preferred dilution of sodium hypochlorite

A

1:100

45
Q

contact time of sodium hypochlorite

A

10 mins

46
Q

recommended size of gauze pad

A

2 by 2 inch folded in fourths

47
Q

puncture resistant container for used needle

A

sharps container

48
Q

leakproof plastic bags, used to transport blood other specimen from the collection site to the laboratory

A

Biohazard bags

49
Q

how long can a tourniquet be in a patient’s arm

A

not more than 1 minute

50
Q

more than 1 minute application of tourniquet can cause

A

hemoconcentration

51
Q

length of tourniquet from the venipuncture site

A

3-4 inches above

52
Q

principle of vein-locating device

A

transillumination

53
Q

inspect an organ by passing light through its walls

A

vein-locating device

54
Q

hollow stainless steel shafts w. the bevel and cut at a slant to allow ease of entry through skin and vein

A

venipuncture needle

55
Q

needle for ETS

A

multisample needle

56
Q

needle for syringe

A

hypodermic needle

57
Q

parts of the needle

A
  1. plastic sheath
  2. point
  3. lumen
  4. . shaft
  5. hilt
  6. hub
58
Q

parts of syringe

A
  1. barrel
  2. flunger
  3. hypodermic needle
59
Q

angle of the tip of the needle, allows the needle to ease into the skin

A

Bevel

60
Q

hole opening of needle

A

lumen

61
Q

number that corresponds to the needle length

A

needle gauge

62
Q

gauge for routine adult collection

A

21 g

63
Q

gauge is _____ proportional to the bohr

A

inversely

64
Q

gauge used for children & smaller fragile veins

A

23 g

65
Q

gauge for scalp veins drawns on neonates & premature infants

A

25 g

66
Q

gauge of pink

A

18 g

67
Q

gauge of green

A

21 g

68
Q

gauge of black

A

22g

69
Q

gauge of light blue

A

23 g

70
Q

for patients that are difficult to collect by conventional methods

A

Butterfly

71
Q

advantage of butterfly

A

more blood sample wil get

72
Q

length of butterfly tube

A

6-12 inches

73
Q

venipuncture sites

A
  1. cephalic vein
  2. basilic vein
  3. median cubital vein
74
Q

most preferred venipuncture site

A

antecubital fossa

75
Q

most preferred venipuncture vein

A

median cubital vein

76
Q

least preferred venipuncture vein

A

basilic vein

77
Q

unacceptable sites for venipuncture

A
  1. arterial line
  2. arteriovenous shunt, fistula or graft
  3. iv lines
  4. arteries, femoral and varicose veins
78
Q

how many mL of blood will be discard in central vascular access devices

A

5 to 10 mL

79
Q

most recommended tube to avoid breakage

A

plastic

80
Q

expiration date of tubes

A

last day of the month

81
Q

additive that inhibits the use of glucose by blood cells

A

antiglycolytic agent

82
Q

antiglycolytic agent

A

sodium chloride & lithium iodoacetate

83
Q

how long will the blood to clot

A

30-60 mins

84
Q

how long will the blood to clot with clot activator

A

15 mins

85
Q

how long will the blood to clot with thrombin

A

5 mins

86
Q
  • inert material that undergoes temporary change in viscosity during centrifugation process
  • separated cellular to liquid components
A

Thixotropic gel separator

87
Q

remove calcium by forming insoluble salts

A

EDTA, citrate, oxalate

88
Q

prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

A

heparin

89
Q

recommended form of EDTA

A

spray dried

90
Q

importance of order of draw in venipuncture

A

to avoid carry over or cross contamination

91
Q

importance of order of draw in skin puncture

A

avoid clotting of the sample

92
Q

open system in venipuncture

A

syringe method

93
Q

close system in venipuncture, less exposure

A

evacuated tube method

94
Q

escape of hemohlobin from RBC to plasma & serum

A

Hemolysis

95
Q

overshaking of tube & using wrong gauge size can cause

A

hemolysis

96
Q

placing tourniquet more than 1 min can cause

A

hemoconcentration

Hematology I (11 decks)

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