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HEMATOLOGY > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Foundation of the adult hematopoietic system

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

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2
Q

Enumerate the three types of human stem cell

A

Totipotential stem cell
Pluripotential stem cell
Multipotential stem cell

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3
Q

Present in few hours after ovum is fertilized; most versatile; can develop embryo to fetus (human cell type)

A

Totipotential stem cell

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4
Q

Present several days after fertilization; cannot develop into a fetus

A

Pluripotential stem cell

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5
Q

Derived from pluripotent stem cells; found in adults; limited to specific type of cells to form tissues

A

Multipotential stem cell

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6
Q

Suggest that blood cells are derived from a “single progenitor stem cell” called pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

A

Monophyletic theory

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7
Q

Suggests that each of the blood cell is derived from its “own unique stem cell”

A

Polyphyletic theory

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8
Q

Stages of hematopoiesis (in order)

A

Stem cell
Progenitor
Precursor
Mature

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9
Q

Examples of progenitor

A

CFU, BFU, CMP, CLP

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10
Q

Give examples for the following
a. RBC precursor
b. Granulocyte precursor
c. Platelet precursor

A

a. rubriblast to reticulocyte
b. myeloblast to band cell
c. megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte and megakaryocyte

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11
Q

Give examples for mature cell

A

erythrocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cell, thrombocytes, macrophages, monocytes

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12
Q

Ideal environment for Hematopoietic Stem Cell is the allowance for:

A

self renewal
proliferation
differential
apoptosis

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13
Q

It is a specialized cell within the bone marrow that provides protective and nourishing environment to the HSCs

A

Stromal Cells

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14
Q

Examples of stromal cells

CLUE: “FOR MALE, Girl Power!”

A

Fibroblast
Osteoblast and osteoclast
Reticular adventitial cells
Monocyte or macrophages
Adipocytes
Lymphocytes
Endothelial cells
Glial cells
Perivascular

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15
Q

Cells developed:
Granulocyte-Monocyte (G-M) progenitor

A

basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte and macrophage

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16
Q

Cells developed:
Eosinophil-Basophil (E-B) progenitor

A

basophil, eosinophil

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17
Q

Cells developed:
Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte (M-E) progenitor

A

platelets, RBCs

18
Q

Cells developed:
Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP)

A

granulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes/macrophage, megakaryocyte

19
Q

Cells developed:
Common Lymphoid Progenitor

A

lymphocytes (b cell, t cell, NK cell), plasma cells, dendritic cells

20
Q

Three stages of hematopoietic development

A

Mesoblastic or yolk sac phase
Hepatic phase
Medullary (myeloid) phase

21
Q

Begins arounnd 19th day of embryonic development after fertilization

A

Mesoblastic or yolk sac phase

22
Q

First lineage produced from a developing embryo

A

RBC

23
Q

Primitive erythroblast forms in

A

central cavity of the yolk sac

24
Q

stage for embryonic or primitive hematopoiesis

A

mesoblastic/yolk sac

25
Q

Embryonic hemoglobins persist after how many week

A

12 weeks

26
Q

Embryonic hemoglobins
a. gower I
b. gower II
c. portland

A

a. 2 alpha + 2 zeta (“ez”
b. 2 alpha + 2 epsilon (all vowels)
c. 2 zeta + 2 gamma (all consonant)

27
Q

Hematopoietic stage that begins at 5th or 7th week of gestation

A

Hepatic phase

28
Q

Major site of hematopoiesis by the second month of gestation

A

liver

29
Q

Stage for beginning of definitive hematopoiesis

A

hepatic phase

30
Q

fetal hemoglobin
a. Hb F

A

2 alpha + 2 gamma

31
Q

It is the 4th month of gestation or prior to the fifth month of fetal development; occurs during 3rd trimester

A

Medullary (myeloid phase)

32
Q

It is the primary site of hematopoiesis after 24 weeks of gestation

A

bone marrow

33
Q

sites of red bone marrow

CLUE: “RSVP”

A

ribs
sternum, shoulder blades, skull
vertebrae
pelvic bone, proximal ends of long bones

34
Q

adult hemoglobins
a. Hb A
b. Hb A2

A

a. 2 alpha + 2 zeta
b. 2 alpha + 2 delta

35
Q

a. primary site of adult hematopoiesis
b. secondary site of adult hematopoiesis

A

a. bone marrow
b. liver and spleen

36
Q

reference range of normal adult Hg
a. Hb A
b. Hb A2
c. Hb F

A

a. Hb A = 95-97%
b. Hb A2 = 2-3 %
c. Hb F= <1%

37
Q

the formation and activation of blood cells outside the bone marrow; occurs when bone marrow becomes dysfunctional and cannot meet body requirements

A

extramedullary hematopoiesis

38
Q

EMH (extramedullary) occurs mainly in

A

liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly)

39
Q

a. It demonstrates the presence of DNA
b. It demonstrates the presence of RNA

A

A. Feulgen stain
B. Supravital stain

40
Q

Principal source of production of red bone marrow in adult

A

sternum
flat bones

41
Q

a. primary hematopoiesis
b. secondary hematopoiesis

A

a. medullary hematopoiesis
b. extramedullary hematopoiesis

HEMATOLOGY (9 decks)

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