Hematopoiesis Flashcards
Foundation of the adult hematopoietic system
Hematopoietic stem cells
Enumerate the three types of human stem cell
Totipotential stem cell
Pluripotential stem cell
Multipotential stem cell
Present in few hours after ovum is fertilized; most versatile; can develop embryo to fetus (human cell type)
Totipotential stem cell
Present several days after fertilization; cannot develop into a fetus
Pluripotential stem cell
Derived from pluripotent stem cells; found in adults; limited to specific type of cells to form tissues
Multipotential stem cell
Suggest that blood cells are derived from a “single progenitor stem cell” called pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
Monophyletic theory
Suggests that each of the blood cell is derived from its “own unique stem cell”
Polyphyletic theory
Stages of hematopoiesis (in order)
Stem cell
Progenitor
Precursor
Mature
Examples of progenitor
CFU, BFU, CMP, CLP
Give examples for the following
a. RBC precursor
b. Granulocyte precursor
c. Platelet precursor
a. rubriblast to reticulocyte
b. myeloblast to band cell
c. megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte and megakaryocyte
Give examples for mature cell
erythrocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cell, thrombocytes, macrophages, monocytes
Ideal environment for Hematopoietic Stem Cell is the allowance for:
self renewal
proliferation
differential
apoptosis
It is a specialized cell within the bone marrow that provides protective and nourishing environment to the HSCs
Stromal Cells
Examples of stromal cells
CLUE: “FOR MALE, Girl Power!”
Fibroblast
Osteoblast and osteoclast
Reticular adventitial cells
Monocyte or macrophages
Adipocytes
Lymphocytes
Endothelial cells
Glial cells
Perivascular
Cells developed:
Granulocyte-Monocyte (G-M) progenitor
basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte and macrophage
Cells developed:
Eosinophil-Basophil (E-B) progenitor
basophil, eosinophil
Cells developed:
Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte (M-E) progenitor
platelets, RBCs
Cells developed:
Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP)
granulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes/macrophage, megakaryocyte
Cells developed:
Common Lymphoid Progenitor
lymphocytes (b cell, t cell, NK cell), plasma cells, dendritic cells
Three stages of hematopoietic development
Mesoblastic or yolk sac phase
Hepatic phase
Medullary (myeloid) phase
Begins arounnd 19th day of embryonic development after fertilization
Mesoblastic or yolk sac phase
First lineage produced from a developing embryo
RBC
Primitive erythroblast forms in
central cavity of the yolk sac
stage for embryonic or primitive hematopoiesis
mesoblastic/yolk sac
Embryonic hemoglobins persist after how many week
12 weeks
Embryonic hemoglobins
a. gower I
b. gower II
c. portland
a. 2 alpha + 2 zeta (“ez”
b. 2 alpha + 2 epsilon (all vowels)
c. 2 zeta + 2 gamma (all consonant)
Hematopoietic stage that begins at 5th or 7th week of gestation
Hepatic phase
Major site of hematopoiesis by the second month of gestation
liver
Stage for beginning of definitive hematopoiesis
hepatic phase
fetal hemoglobin
a. Hb F
2 alpha + 2 gamma
It is the 4th month of gestation or prior to the fifth month of fetal development; occurs during 3rd trimester
Medullary (myeloid phase)
It is the primary site of hematopoiesis after 24 weeks of gestation
bone marrow
sites of red bone marrow
CLUE: “RSVP”
ribs
sternum, shoulder blades, skull
vertebrae
pelvic bone, proximal ends of long bones
adult hemoglobins
a. Hb A
b. Hb A2
a. 2 alpha + 2 zeta
b. 2 alpha + 2 delta
a. primary site of adult hematopoiesis
b. secondary site of adult hematopoiesis
a. bone marrow
b. liver and spleen
reference range of normal adult Hg
a. Hb A
b. Hb A2
c. Hb F
a. Hb A = 95-97%
b. Hb A2 = 2-3 %
c. Hb F= <1%
the formation and activation of blood cells outside the bone marrow; occurs when bone marrow becomes dysfunctional and cannot meet body requirements
extramedullary hematopoiesis
EMH (extramedullary) occurs mainly in
liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly)
a. It demonstrates the presence of DNA
b. It demonstrates the presence of RNA
A. Feulgen stain
B. Supravital stain
Principal source of production of red bone marrow in adult
sternum
flat bones
a. primary hematopoiesis
b. secondary hematopoiesis
a. medullary hematopoiesis
b. extramedullary hematopoiesis
