Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Foundation of the adult hematopoietic system

Answer 1

Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 2

Enumerate the three types of human stem cell

Answer 2

Totipotential stem cell
Pluripotential stem cell
Multipotential stem cell

Question 3

Present in few hours after ovum is fertilized; most versatile; can develop embryo to fetus (human cell type)

Answer 3

Totipotential stem cell

Question 4

Present several days after fertilization; cannot develop into a fetus

Answer 4

Pluripotential stem cell

Question 5

Derived from pluripotent stem cells; found in adults; limited to specific type of cells to form tissues

Answer 5

Multipotential stem cell

Question 6

Suggest that blood cells are derived from a “single progenitor stem cell” called pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 6

Monophyletic theory

Question 7

Suggests that each of the blood cell is derived from its “own unique stem cell”

Answer 7

Polyphyletic theory

Question 8

Stages of hematopoiesis (in order)

Answer 8

Stem cell
Progenitor
Precursor
Mature

Question 9

Examples of progenitor

Answer 9

CFU, BFU, CMP, CLP

Question 10

Give examples for the following
a. RBC precursor
b. Granulocyte precursor
c. Platelet precursor

Answer 10

a. rubriblast to reticulocyte
b. myeloblast to band cell
c. megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte and megakaryocyte

Question 11

Give examples for mature cell

Answer 11

erythrocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cell, thrombocytes, macrophages, monocytes

Question 12

Ideal environment for Hematopoietic Stem Cell is the allowance for:

Answer 12

self renewal
proliferation
differential
apoptosis

Question 13

It is a specialized cell within the bone marrow that provides protective and nourishing environment to the HSCs

Answer 13

Stromal Cells

Question 14

Examples of stromal cells

CLUE: “FOR MALE, Girl Power!”

Answer 14

Fibroblast
Osteoblast and osteoclast
Reticular adventitial cells
Monocyte or macrophages
Adipocytes
Lymphocytes
Endothelial cells
Glial cells
Perivascular

Question 15

Cells developed:
Granulocyte-Monocyte (G-M) progenitor

Answer 15

basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte and macrophage

Question 16

Cells developed:
Eosinophil-Basophil (E-B) progenitor

Answer 16

basophil, eosinophil

Question 17

Cells developed:
Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte (M-E) progenitor

Answer 17

platelets, RBCs

Question 18

Cells developed:
Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP)

Answer 18

granulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes/macrophage, megakaryocyte

Question 19

Cells developed:
Common Lymphoid Progenitor

Answer 19

lymphocytes (b cell, t cell, NK cell), plasma cells, dendritic cells

Question 20

Three stages of hematopoietic development

Answer 20

Mesoblastic or yolk sac phase
Hepatic phase
Medullary (myeloid) phase

Question 21

Begins arounnd 19th day of embryonic development after fertilization

Answer 21

Mesoblastic or yolk sac phase

Question 22

First lineage produced from a developing embryo

Answer 22

RBC

Question 23

Primitive erythroblast forms in

Answer 23

central cavity of the yolk sac

Question 24

stage for embryonic or primitive hematopoiesis

Answer 24

mesoblastic/yolk sac

Question 25

Embryonic hemoglobins persist after how many week

Answer 25

12 weeks

Question 26

Embryonic hemoglobins a. gower I b. gower II c. portland

Answer 26

a. 2 alpha + 2 zeta ("ez" b. 2 alpha + 2 epsilon (all vowels) c. 2 zeta + 2 gamma (all consonant)

Question 27

Hematopoietic stage that begins at 5th or 7th week of gestation

Answer 27

Hepatic phase

Question 28

Major site of hematopoiesis by the second month of gestation

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

Stage for beginning of definitive hematopoiesis

Answer 29

hepatic phase

Question 30

fetal hemoglobin a. Hb F

Answer 30

2 alpha + 2 gamma

Question 31

It is the 4th month of gestation or prior to the fifth month of fetal development; occurs during 3rd trimester

Answer 31

Medullary (myeloid phase)

Question 32

It is the primary site of hematopoiesis after 24 weeks of gestation

Answer 32

bone marrow

Question 33

sites of red bone marrow CLUE: "RSVP"

Answer 33

ribs sternum, shoulder blades, skull vertebrae pelvic bone, proximal ends of long bones

Question 34

adult hemoglobins a. Hb A b. Hb A2

Answer 34

a. 2 alpha + 2 zeta b. 2 alpha + 2 delta

Question 35

a. primary site of adult hematopoiesis b. secondary site of adult hematopoiesis

Answer 35

a. bone marrow b. liver and spleen

Question 36

reference range of normal adult Hg a. Hb A b. Hb A2 c. Hb F

Answer 36

a. Hb A = 95-97% b. Hb A2 = 2-3 % c. Hb F= <1%

Question 37

the formation and activation of blood cells outside the bone marrow; occurs when bone marrow becomes dysfunctional and cannot meet body requirements

Answer 37

extramedullary hematopoiesis

Question 38

EMH (extramedullary) occurs mainly in

Answer 38

liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly)

Question 39

a. It demonstrates the presence of DNA b. It demonstrates the presence of RNA

Answer 39

A. Feulgen stain B. Supravital stain

Question 40

Principal source of production of red bone marrow in adult

Answer 40

sternum flat bones

Question 41

a. primary hematopoiesis b. secondary hematopoiesis

Answer 41

a. medullary hematopoiesis b. extramedullary hematopoiesis