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HEMATOLOGY > Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q

Concentration of EDTA

A

1.5-2.0mg/mL of blood

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2
Q

It removes ionized calcium through an irreversible process called chelation

A

EDTA

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3
Q

Three forms of EDTA

A

a. Dry form- VERSENE
(Na2 EDTA, K2 EDTA)
b. Liquid form- SEQUESTRENE
(K3 EDTA)

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4
Q

For routine cell count and blood smear preparation

A

EDTA

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5
Q

If EDTA exceeds 2.0mg/ml of whole blood, platelets may swell and fragment that will lead to _____ platelet count.

A

False increase platelet count

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6
Q

Not recommended for coagulation test

A

EDTA

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7
Q

Coagulation factors that are not stable in EDTA

A

Factors V and VIII (labile factors)

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8
Q

Effect of increase EDTA in ESR and hematocrit results

A

False decrease

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9
Q

Rare phenomenon that occur when using EDTA

A

platelet satellitosis

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10
Q

How to correct platelet satellitosis?

A

By using sodium citrate tube and multiply the result to 1.1.

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11
Q

Purpose of EDTA tubes
a. puple
b. pink
c. royal blue
d. tan
e. pearl (pale tint of white)
f. white with gel separator

A

a. PURPLE- routine hematology and HbA1c
b. PINK- hematology and blood bank
c. ROYAL BLUE- trace elements
d. TAN- lead determination
e. PEARL- platelet preparation tube (PPT)
f. WHITE- molecular test (PCR and DNA)

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12
Q

Binds to calcium and form soluble complex

A

Sodium citrate

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13
Q

Anticoagulant of choice in coagulation studies

A

Sodium Citrate (Blue top tube)

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14
Q

Anticoagulant of choice for Standard Westergren and ESR testing.

A

Sodium citrate (Black top tube)

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15
Q

Blood:Anticoagulant
a. blue top tube
b. black top tube

A

a. 9:1
b. 4:1

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16
Q

Preferred anticoagulant for ESR testing

A

Black top tube

17
Q

Underfilling/excess citrate/short draw can cause _____ due to excess citrate in plasma

A

prolonged PT and PTT

18
Q

Patient with increase hematocrit level (>55%)

A

polycythemic patient

19
Q

Concentration of oxalate (black top tube)

A

1-2mg/ml

20
Q

Different forms of oxalate

CLUE: “lisopodo

A

lithium oxalate
sodium oxalate
potassium oxalate
double oxalate

21
Q

most widely used oxalate

A

potassium oxalate

22
Q

used as an alternative for prothrombin time (PT) test

A

oxalated plasma

23
Q

double balanced plasma components

A

potassium oxalate + ammonium oxalate

24
Q

3 parts = can cause cell swelling
2 parts = can cause cell shrinkage

A

Ammonium oxalate (winthrobe’s)
Potassium oxalate (paul heller’s)

25
Q

acid mucopolysaccharide that inhibits coagulation by inactivation of thrombin

A

Heparin

26
Q

used as an in vitro and in vivo anticoagulant

A

heparin

27
Q

anticoagulant of choice on most chemistry test

A

lithium heparin

28
Q

optimum concentration of heparin

A

0.2mg/ml of blood

29
Q

reason why heparin is not for coagulation studies

A

it inhibits all stages of coagulation cascade especially thrombin

30
Q

reason why heparin is not for blood film preparation

A

it destroys WBC and platelets and can produce bluish background on romanowsky stained smear

31
Q

heparin is anticoagulant for _____

A

osmotic fragility test and LAP test

32
Q

used in preserving glucose, inhibitor of glycolysis and determination of lactic and blood alcohol/ethanol

A

sodium fluoride (gray top tube)

33
Q

Blood culture specimen collections in microbiology

A

sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

34
Q

Used in blood bank studies, lymphocytotoxicity testing, HLA phenotyping, DNA and paternity testing

A

acid citrate dextrose (ACD)

35
Q

A. It inhibits the labile factors
B. It preserves the labile factors

A

A. EDTA
B. Sodium citrate

36
Q

Used during Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) to prevent clot formation

A

Heparin

37
Q

Inversions in Red Top Tube
a. glass
b. plastic

A

a. no inversions
b. 5 inversions

38
Q

a. First tube in the order of draw
b. Last tube in the order of draw

A

a. Yellow top tube - SPS
b. Yellow top tube - ACD

39
Q

CTAD (sodium citrate)

A

Citrate
Theophylline
Adenosine
Dipyridamole

HEMATOLOGY (9 decks)

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