Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABFM First Aid > Hematology/Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology/Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of sideroblastic anemia?

A

ALICC: Anemia Loses its Clinical Color

Alcohol
Lead poisoning
INH
Copper deficiency
Chloramphenicol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens in Sideroblastic Anemia?

A

inherited or acquired defect in heme synthesis causing accumulation of iron in mitochondria = ring’d sideroblast w/basophilic stippling

*pt occationaly need iron chelation or therapeutic phlebotomy for iron overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Once you start replacement with iron how long does it take for iron levels to return to normal? How long for hemoglobin levels to return to normal?

A

Two months for hemoglobin to return to normal. Six months for iron stores to be repeated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If a patient has iron deficiency anemia and you start replacing their iron, how long will it take before you see reticulocyte count increase?

A

Ridiculous site counts should increase in 3 to 4 days after initiation a treatment and peak at about day 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should be your targeted level of elemental iron a day If you’re replacing do to iron deficiency anemia?

A

150 to 200 mg per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give EPO for anemia chronic disease in renal disease when hemoglobin reaches…..

A

less than 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bite cells and heinz bodies are associated with what type of hemolytic anemia?

A

G6PD deficiency. Heinz bodies are precipitate is formed by denatured, oxidize hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Five important things to remember with chronic treatment of sickle cell disease

A

all individuals need pneumococcal vaccine, Annual screening for retinopathy, forecasted 1 mg PO daily, consider hydroxyurea to decrease frequency of crisis in patients with more than three hospitalizations per year, tree all fevers with antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptom and treatment of TTP

A

Sx: FAT RN - Fear, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency and neurologic abnormalities
Tx:  urgent transfusion of fresh frozen plasma(do not give blood or platelets as platelets will just increase clotting and anemia), splenectomy for recurrent cases, consider corticosteroids for inadequate response to plasmapheresis
** do not wait for results of ADAMTS13 to start treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of HUS and treatment

A

ART: anemia renal failure and thrombocytopenia

Supportive care only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia often will show up on day —- of heprin use

A

5-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Common complication of hemophilia A&B

A

Spontaneous hemoarthrosis - stiffness, warmth, pain and swelling often in knees or ankles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment due to bleeding in both von Willebrand disease and hemophilia a and hemophilia B

A

Desmopressin Dash increase the release of von Willebrand factor from endothelial storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrand disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common inherited hypercoagulability

A

Factor five Leiden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does An individual factor five Leiden need to be put on anticoagulants?

A

Anticoagulation after their first thrombotic event unless they are homozygotes in which they should be on anticoagulation no matter what

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cause and symptoms of febrile non-hemolytic blood transfusion reactions? What type of blood could you use to prevent this in the future?

A

Caused by antibodies against donor white blood cells and buildup of cytokines. Present says fever, chills, mild dyspnea usually within six hours of transfusion. in the future should use leukocyte depleted RBCs(removes WBC)
* Most common type of transfusion reaction

18
Q

What is the cause of allergic transfusion reactions? Symptoms? What type of blood to use in the future?

A

Allergic reaction to plasma proteins such as IGA. This is usually seen in patients who are deficient in IGA. Presents is bronchospasms, angioedema, hypotension within minutes of transfusion. In the future patient will need washed RBCs (removes proteins and immunoglobin)

19
Q

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction versus transfusion related acute lung injury(TRALI)

A

Delay hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs within 2-10 days of transfusion and is due to all antibodies against minor anagens.
Transfusion related acute lung injury occurs within six hours of transfusion and is due to donor antibodies to recipient white blood cells located in the pulmonary capillaries.
Those are treated with supportive care

20
Q

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction causes and symptoms?

A

Due to ABO incompatibility. Rare. Presents with fevers, chills, flank pain, hematuria, hypotension tachycardia within 24 hours of transfusion. Can also present as DIC if severe

21
Q

What is polycythemia vera? Management?

A

Proliferation of myeloid cells distinguished by an increase in RBC mass due to a JAK2 mutation.  Treat with serial phlebotomy, low-dose daily ASA and all patients to prevent thrombosis. Consider hydroxyurea for those at increased risk of thrombosis and allopurinol for symptomatic gout

22
Q

What is a essential thrombocythemia? Treatment?

A

Proliferation of megakaryocytes and bone marrow leading to a non-reactive increase in platelets, often presents between ages 50 to 60. Patients can be monitored or placed on low-dose ASA. Those with history of thrombosis may be placed on hydroxyurea.

23
Q

Symptoms of multiple myeloma

A

Bone pain (most common in back or ribs), weakness, fatigue, weight loss, anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency and lytic bone lesions. This is distinguished from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS) due to the fact that it has evidence of secondary organ or tissue impairment such as bone lesions, renal insufficiency, anemia or hypercalcemia.

24
Q

 which type of leukemia is associated with auer rods?

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia/AML

25
Q

MCC of cancer in women?

A

breast cancer

26
Q

2nd MCC of cancer related death in women?

A

breast cancer

27
Q

MCC of cancer related death in women?

A

lung cancer

28
Q

Pretreatment for tumor lysis syndrome?

A

allopurinol + fluids to maintain urine output of >2-3L/day

29
Q

Dx of tumor lysis syndrome

A

at risk patients who develop ARF & 25% increase from baseline of P and/or K or decrease 25% of Ca

30
Q

What is Superior Vena cava Syndrome? Sx? Common causes? tx?

A

compression of SVC by tumor(non small cell lung, small cell lung, lymphoma, metastatic lesions).
SX: facial/neck/arm swelling, plethora +/- edema & cyanosis, HA, dizziness, syncope. Worse when patient is supine or bends over.
TX: not an emergency unless obstructing airway. Tx w/stending or chemo/radiating

31
Q

What is Lambert-Eatson Syndrome? associated cancers?

A

autoantibodies against presynaptic Ca channels @ NMJ

**seen w/thymoma, small cell lung cancer

32
Q

Cancer associated with the paraneoplastic syndrome: Erythrocytosis

A

HCC, RCC

33
Q

Cancer associated with the paraneoplastic syndrome: Cushing Syndrome

A

Small cell lung cancer, adrenal cancer, thymoma

34
Q

Cancer associated with the paraneoplastic syndrome: SIADH

A

small cell lung cancer, intracranial neoplasms, pancreatic cancer

35
Q

Cancer associated with the paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia

A

breast cancer, non small cell lung cancer, solid tumors, bone tumors, SCC of the lung, Lymphoma, multiple myeloma

36
Q

Do all pulmonary embolisms require anticoagulation?

A

No Subsegmental pulmonary embolisms do not require anticoagulation unless they meet certain criteria

37
Q

How long does it take for iron stores to normalize?

A

About 4 to 6 months

38
Q

How long does it take hematocrit and reticulocyte count to normalize?

A

Reticulocyte count to normalize within 5 to 7 days and hematocrit will take anywhere from 4 to 6 Weeks.

39
Q

Dose and duration for ppx antibiotics for a kid with sickle cell disease?

A

PVK 125 mg bid for age 3m- 3 yrs

PVK 250 mg BID for age 3-5

40
Q

Child with sickle cell disease what do you need to do to monitor for stroke?

A

Annual transcranial Doppler from age 2 to age 16

41
Q

When would you start a pt with sickle cell disease on hydroxyurea therapy?

A

Three or more vaso-occlusive crisis is in one year

42
Q

Patient was just diagnosed with multiple myeloma. What medication do you need to start them on?

A

Get them to an oncologist and start them on a biz phosphonate to decrease the risk of fractures

ABFM First Aid (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions