Hematology (Ma'am Agnes lectures)

Question 1

Serum contains what coagulation factors

Answer 1

F I, F V. F VIII:C, F XIII

Question 2

What coagulation factor is not completely consumed in serum

Answer 2

F II
>80% is consumed
<20% remains called RESIDUAL PROTHROMBIN

Question 3

In what type of liquid part of the blood has fibrinogen

Answer 3

Plasma because it is not clotted

Question 4

Plasma is 55% of the blood’s total volume which is composed of?

Answer 4

Proteins 7% and it is composed of: (FAG)

Fibrinogen 7%- Main clotting protein
Albumin 55% - Maintains osmotic balance between blood and the tissue fluid
Globulin 38% - Transport other substances

Water 91.5%

Other solutes - Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nutrients, Hormones

Question 5

Erythrocytes is composed of

Answer 5

Matured anucleate red blood cells

Mature RBCs are anucleated

Question 6

Buffy coat is how many percent in blood

Answer 6

Less than 1%

Question 7

Three layers of buffy coat

Answer 7

Upper most - Platelets (less dense)
Middle layer - Monocytes and Lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
Lower layer - Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophils (Granulocytes) together with reticulocytes

Question 8

In vitro blood coagulates in what minutes?

Answer 8

5-10 minutes

Question 9

Blood is thick and viscous _ - _ times thicker than water

Answer 9

3.5 - 4.5 thicker than water (5 times)

Question 10

Total blood volume of male female and newborn

Answer 10

Male: 5-6L adult
Female: 4-5 L
Newborn: 250-350 mL

Question 11

Resistance of blood to flow is called

Answer 11

Viscosity

Question 12

Venous and Arterial blood pH

Answer 12

Venous blood: 7.35
Arterial blood: 7:45

Question 12

Viscosity of the blood depends on

Answer 12

RBCs and Plasma protein

Question 13

pH of the blood is maintained by

Answer 13

Buffering system

Question 14

Organs that maintains the pH of the blood

Answer 14

Lung, Kidney, Brain

Question 15

Neutralizes any acidic substance in the bloodstream (prevents blood to be acidic)

Answer 15

carbonate

Question 16

Works in the internal fluid of the cell

Answer 16

Phosphate, protein, hemoglobin

Question 17

Ratio of the density of the substance to the density of a reference substance

Answer 17

Blood specific gravity

Question 18

SG of whole blood, serum, and plasma

Answer 18

Whole blood: 1.045 - 1.066
Serum: 1.024 - 1.028
Plasma: 1.025 - 1.029

Question 19

Specific gravity depends on

Answer 19

RBCs and Plasma protein

Question 20

Diagnosis of anemia

Answer 20

decrease of either of the ff hemoglobin, HCT, RBC

Question 21

Diagnosis of polycythemia

Answer 21

increase of either of the ff hemoglobin, HCT, RBC

Question 22

Estimation of blood loss

Answer 22

Through hematocrit - determine the volume of packed red cells

Question 23

To check infection

Answer 23

WBC increase = Leukocytosis
WBC decrease = Leukopenia

Question 24

Abnormal count

Answer 24

Abnormal count of WBC/RBC and diff count

Question 25

WBC reference value

Answer 25

4.0 - 11.5 x 10^9 /L

Question 26

Method of Hb determination

Answer 26

Acid hematin and Cyanmethemoglobin

Question 27

Universal standard of Hb determination

Answer 27

Cyanmethemoglobin

Question 28

Cyanmethemoglobin can measure all types of hemoglobin except for

Answer 28

Sulfhemoglobin - Cannot be converted into cyanmethemoglobin

Question 29

Use to assess the Erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow

Answer 29

Reticulocytes count (Retics are seen in the peripheral blood if there is a hemolysis present in the body thus the bone marrow compensates by releasing reticulocytes)

Question 30

Reference range of reticulocyte count (adult)

Answer 30

0.5 - 1.5%

Question 31

Reference range of reticulocyte count (Newborn)

Answer 31

2 - 6 %

Question 32

Stain for reticulocyte count and what ratio

Answer 32

Supravital stain such as new methylene blue or brilliant cresyl blue

1:1 ratio (5ml of blood = 5ml of supravital stain) incubate for 15 mins at 37c

Question 33

Why is supravital stain the only stain for retics?

Answer 33

Supravital stain stains living cell, reticulocytes have RNA remnants

Question 34

ESR methods

Answer 34

Wintrobe

Westergren

Question 35

Rate of fall of RBC in an hour

Answer 35

ESR (mm/hr)

Question 36

Good indicator of inflammation

Answer 36

ESR (not specific)