Hematology laboratory Flashcards
Angle between two slides of the manual wedge technique
30-45 degrees
Correct size of the drop of blood in blood film preparation
2-3 mm
Result if the angle of the spreader is too high and too low
Too high: Thicker smear
Too low: Thin smear
How far from the labeled end should you place the drop of blood in the blood smear?
1 cm
Best for evaluation of blood cell morphology
Anticoagulant-free blood
Pattern for longitudinal scanning method of PBS
Tail to head
Pattern of battlement scanning method of PBS
Back and forth serpentine
Correct shape of the blood smear
Finger shaped
Recommended length of the blood smear
2/3 to 3/4 if the length of the blood film slide
Glass slide- Coverslip method
Beacom’s method
Two coverslip method
Ehrlich’s method
Only advantage of coverslip technique
Excellent in WBC distribution
–> may be used for bone marrow aspirate smears
Portable automated smearing method that stimulates the manual wedge technique of blood smear prep
Miniprep
Specimen for the centrifugal (spinner ) type automated method of smearing
0.2 mL anticoagulated blood
This type of automated method decreases the smudge cells
Centrifugal (Spinner) Type
Nuclear remnants of the lymphocytes
Smudge cells
Automated methods that are capable of blood slide making and staining
Coulter LH & Sysmex SP-10
Most commonly used anticoagulant in Hematology
EDTA
Commonly used stain in the hematology laboratory
Romanowsky stain
Correct pH of blood smear staining
6.4-6.8 pH
4 Automated methods of staining
- Midas III
- Hema-Tek
- Coulter-LH
- Sysmex SP-10
In the quick technique of staining, the stain used is _ , and _ is used as the buffer
Wright / Wright - Giemsa stain ; Aged distilled water as buffer
* done in 1 min; use of coplin jars
Correct blood smear color
Pink to purple
Microscopic color of RBCs in a stained PBS
Orange to salmon pink
Microscopic color of WBCs in a stained PBS
Purple to Blue
Microscopic color of neutrophils in a stained PBS
Pink to tan with violet to lilac granules
Microscopic color of Eos in a stained PBS
Bright orange
Ideal pH of a blood smear
6.4-6.8 pH
Patients suspected for having blood smears bluer than normal
Plasma cell myeloma / Multiple myeloma patients * due to the increased protein
Patients with cold hemagglutinin diseases may exhibit a _ appearance in the PBS
Grainy appearance * due to RBC Agglutination
Holes all over the PBS may indicate _
Patient has increased lipid levels
Presence of more than 4x the number of WBCs per field at the lateral edges of the smear
Snowplow effect * must reject this specimen
If fibrin strands are seen in the 10x objective examination, what should be done to the specimen
Reject the specimen. * Fibrin strands indicate that the specimen has already clotted
How many fields should be scanned using a 40x high dry objective to estimate the total WBC count
10 fields
Multiplication factor for WBC determination using 40x high-dry objective and 50x oil immersion
40x high dry = 2,000
50x oil immersion = 3,000
If an average of 5 WBCs were observed per field, using 40x high dry objective, the WBC estimate is _
= 5 x 10 fields
= 50 x 2,000 (multiplication factor)
= 10,000 /uL
Normal RBC count as seen in an 100x OIO
200-250 RBCs per 100x OIF
Give the group of parasites that may be found in the blood:
- Malaria parasites
- Filaria parasites
- Trypanosomes
Resistant to p. falciparum infections
Sickle cell trait patients
Smear prepared for malaria
Thick blood smear
The 3 drops for the thick blood smear should measure approximately _
1-2 cm
Parasite that causes calabar swellings
Loa-loa
Filaria parasites that causes elephantiasis
- Wuchereria bancrofti
2. Brugia malayi
Storage of blood smears slides
At LEAST 7 days before proper disposal
Give the diameters of the blood vessels:
- Veins
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins = 5mm (largest)
- Arteries = 4mm
- Capillaries = 8 um (smallest, most abundant)
What is the smallest, most abundant blood vessel in the body?
Capillaries (8um)
What is the normal pH of blood?
7.35-7.45 pH
Blood is slightly alkaline/acidic
Alkaline
What is the average specific gravity of blood?
1.055
Blood is _ times thicker than water
3.5 to 4.5 thicker than water
Blood makes up _ mL per body weight
75-85 mL / body weight
There are about _ grams of solids per 100 mL of blood
20 g
It is the mortal sin of a phlebotomist and the most critical step in blood collection
Mislabeling
Patient identification is done by asking him/her to state and spell _
- Name
- Age
- Gender
- Birthdate
Posture (shift from supine to standing/sitting) may increase the levels of _
PIC
- Protein
- Iron
- Cholesterol
The diurnal rhythm may falsely elevate _ and decrease _ in the morning
CITe May elevate 1. Cortisol 2. TSH 3. Iron 4. eos. ct.
*in the afternoon, vice versa