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S.N Pathophys final > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocytes by %

A 
Neut 45-70%
Lymph 25-45%
Mono 2-10%
Eosino 0-5%
Baso 0-2%
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2
Q

Female RBC count

A

4-5.2 T/L

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3
Q

PLT count

A

150-400 G/L

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4
Q

RBC diameter

A

6-8 micrometer

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5
Q

MCV RBC

A

80-99 fL

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6
Q

Lymphocytes are predominant in _____ (Population)

A

Children

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7
Q

PLT survival

A

8-10 days

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8
Q

SIte of blood formation before birth

A

Red marrow of flat/long bones
Liver
Spleen
Lymph nodes

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9
Q

Hematopoietic GF are ______ hormones

A

Glycoprotein

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10
Q

Hematopoietic GF are secreted by

A

Bone marrow stromal cells
T cells
Monocytes

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11
Q

Composition of normal bone marrow

A

Granulocytes and precursors 60%
Erythroid precursors 20%
Lymphocytes and monocytes 10%
Unidentified 10%

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12
Q

Bone marrow aspiration is usually takeen from

A

Pelvic bone

Sternum

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13
Q

What hapens to the basophilic color of the cell as it matures?

A

Gets more eosinophilic bcs there are more acidic things inside

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14
Q

How many reticulocytes in the peripheral blood normally?

A

1-2%

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15
Q

Reticulocytes become mature erythrocytes within

A

24h

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16
Q

RBC formation pathway

A 
Hemocytoblast
Proerthroblast
Basophilic normoblast
Polychromatic normoblast
Orthochromatic normoblast
Reticulocyte
RBC
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17
Q

Myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cell both originate from

A

Hemocytoblast

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18
Q

Granulopoiesis

A 
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Neutrophilic myelocyte
Neutrophilic metamyelocyte
Neutrophilic band
Neutrophilic segmented
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19
Q

Which cells of the Granulopoiesis can be seenboth in the bone marrow and the periphery?

A

Neutrophilic metamyelocyte
Neutrophilic band
Neutrophilic segmented

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20
Q

Monopoiesis

A

Monoblast
Promonocyte
Monocyte
MPH

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21
Q

Most common hematological disorder

A

Anemia

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22
Q

Cut out values for anemia in Males

A

RBC < 4.4
Hb < 140 g/L
Hct < 0.42

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23
Q

Cut out values for anemia in Females

A

RBC < 3.8
Hb < 120 g/L
Hct < 0.37

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24
Q

Possible reasons for microcytic anemia

A

Iron def.
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia

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25
Q

Possible reasons for normocytic anemia

A

Aplasia
Bleeding
Renal disease
Chronic inflammation

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26
Q

Possible reasons for macrocytic anemia

A

B12 def.
Folate def.
Liver disease

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27
Q

Basophilic stippling=

A

Erythrocye with small precipitated RNA

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28
Q

Howell jolly body=

A

Nuclear remnant in a RBC

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29
Q

Which protein stores iron in the tissues?

A

Ferritin

30
Q

Which protein binds Iron in the Fe (III) state?

A

Ferritin

31
Q

Which protein transport Iron in the blood?

A

Transferrin

32
Q

Iron binds Transferrin in which form?

A

Fe (II)

33
Q

In IDA, Ferritin is low/high

A

Low

34
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is usually the result of

A

DNA synthesis and nuclear maturaion alteration

35
Q

Perinicious anemia=

A

Gastritis with production of autoAb against the parietal cells or against IF

36
Q

Uptake of Folate is in the

A

Jejunom

37
Q

Which intracellular substances we will see in the blood due to hemolytic anemia?

A

LDH1
Unconjugated bilirubin
Hg in urine
Hemosiderin in urine

38
Q

If Coombs test is + in Hemolytic anemia-

A

Immunohemolytic

39
Q

Multiplex myeloma is a cancer of

A

Plasma cells

40
Q

Neutrophilia count

A

> 7.5 G/L

41
Q

WBC count

A

4-10 G/L

42
Q

Normal neutropils count

A

1.8-7 G/L

43
Q

Left shift=

A

Appearance of immature neutrophilic granulocytes in the periphery

44
Q

Which myeloid cells are present usually in the periphery

A

Metamyelocyte
Band
Segment

45
Q

Leukemoid reaction is caused by

A

Severe infection

46
Q

A decrease number of neutrophilic granulocytes is also called

A

Granulocytopenia

47
Q

Which enzymes defects may lead to impaired function of granulocytes?

A

NADPH oxidase

Myeloperoxidase

48
Q

What is seen in bone marrow/periphery of AML?

A

20% Blast cells

49
Q

Are there any Blast cells in the periphery of healthy person?

A

No

50
Q

How many Blast cells are in the bone marrow of healthy person?

A

20%

51
Q

Which acute Leukemia is higher in % in adults?

A

AML

80%

52
Q

Which genetic factors may cause AML?

A

Klinefelter syndrome

Down syndrome

53
Q

AML diagnostic by peripheral blood. What will we see?

A

High Blast cell % (WBC may not be elevated)

Anemia

54
Q

Which Myeloproliferative disease have Bcr-Abl negative result?

A

ET
IMF
PV

55
Q

ET
IMF
PV
All have what + genetic mark?

A

JAK V617F

56
Q

About __ of all Leukemia are CML

A

15%

57
Q

AML is caused and maintained by an abnormal

A

Tyrosine Kinase enzyme

58
Q

Abnorml Tyrosine Kinase enzyme is the result of

A

bcr-abl fusion gene

59
Q

bcr-abl fusion gene is most commonly produced by

A

t(9,22) reciprocal translocation

60
Q

Chr. 22- is also called

A

Philadelphia chr.

61
Q

Abnorml Tyrosine Kinase mechanism of action

A

Stimulates proliferation

Inhibits apoptosis

62
Q

What is the natural cause of CML without treatment?

A

Chronic phase
Accelerated phase
Blast crisis

63
Q

Normal M:E ratio of bone marrow

A

3:1

64
Q

What happens to PLT count in CML?

A

Increases initially then there is progressive decrease

65
Q

Which cells are not usually present in AML?

A

Promyelocyte

Myelocytes

66
Q

Which druf inhibits Tyrosine Kinase

A

Imatinib (Gleevec)

67
Q

Low blood PLT count is also known as

A

Thrombocytopenia

68
Q

How to differentiate btw. erythroid and myeloid maturation: Nucleus

A

Erythroid has round nucleus durring maturation

69
Q

How to differentiate btw. erythroid and myeloid maturation: Color of cytoplasm

A

Erythroid has a more basophilic cytoplasm

70
Q

How to differentiate btw. erythroid and myeloid maturation: Nucleoli in blast cells

A

Erythroid has darker nucleoli

S.N Pathophys final (11 decks)

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