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S.N Pathophys final > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocytes by %

A 
Neut 45-70%
Lymph 25-45%
Mono 2-10%
Eosino 0-5%
Baso 0-2%
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2
Q

Female RBC count

A

4-5.2 T/L

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3
Q

PLT count

A

150-400 G/L

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4
Q

RBC diameter

A

6-8 micrometer

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5
Q

MCV RBC

A

80-99 fL

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6
Q

Lymphocytes are predominant in _____ (Population)

A

Children

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7
Q

PLT survival

A

8-10 days

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8
Q

SIte of blood formation before birth

A

Red marrow of flat/long bones
Liver
Spleen
Lymph nodes

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9
Q

Hematopoietic GF are ______ hormones

A

Glycoprotein

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10
Q

Hematopoietic GF are secreted by

A

Bone marrow stromal cells
T cells
Monocytes

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11
Q

Composition of normal bone marrow

A

Granulocytes and precursors 60%
Erythroid precursors 20%
Lymphocytes and monocytes 10%
Unidentified 10%

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12
Q

Bone marrow aspiration is usually takeen from

A

Pelvic bone

Sternum

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13
Q

What hapens to the basophilic color of the cell as it matures?

A

Gets more eosinophilic bcs there are more acidic things inside

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14
Q

How many reticulocytes in the peripheral blood normally?

A

1-2%

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15
Q

Reticulocytes become mature erythrocytes within

A

24h

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16
Q

RBC formation pathway

A 
Hemocytoblast
Proerthroblast
Basophilic normoblast
Polychromatic normoblast
Orthochromatic normoblast
Reticulocyte
RBC
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17
Q

Myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cell both originate from

A

Hemocytoblast

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18
Q

Granulopoiesis

A 
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Neutrophilic myelocyte
Neutrophilic metamyelocyte
Neutrophilic band
Neutrophilic segmented
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19
Q

Which cells of the Granulopoiesis can be seenboth in the bone marrow and the periphery?

A

Neutrophilic metamyelocyte
Neutrophilic band
Neutrophilic segmented

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20
Q

Monopoiesis

A

Monoblast
Promonocyte
Monocyte
MPH

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21
Q

Most common hematological disorder

A

Anemia

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22
Q

Cut out values for anemia in Males

A

RBC < 4.4
Hb < 140 g/L
Hct < 0.42

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23
Q

Cut out values for anemia in Females

A

RBC < 3.8
Hb < 120 g/L
Hct < 0.37

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24
Q

Possible reasons for microcytic anemia

A

Iron def.
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia

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25
Possible reasons for normocytic anemia
Aplasia Bleeding Renal disease Chronic inflammation
26
Possible reasons for macrocytic anemia
B12 def. Folate def. Liver disease
27
Basophilic stippling=
Erythrocye with small precipitated RNA
28
Howell jolly body=
Nuclear remnant in a RBC
29
Which protein stores iron in the tissues?
Ferritin
30
Which protein binds Iron in the Fe (III) state?
Ferritin
31
Which protein transport Iron in the blood?
Transferrin
32
Iron binds Transferrin in which form?
Fe (II)
33
In IDA, Ferritin is low/high
Low
34
Megaloblastic anemia is usually the result of
DNA synthesis and nuclear maturaion alteration
35
Perinicious anemia=
Gastritis with production of autoAb against the parietal cells or against IF
36
Uptake of Folate is in the
Jejunom
37
Which intracellular substances we will see in the blood due to hemolytic anemia?
LDH1 Unconjugated bilirubin Hg in urine Hemosiderin in urine
38
If Coombs test is + in Hemolytic anemia-
Immunohemolytic
39
Multiplex myeloma is a cancer of
Plasma cells
40
Neutrophilia count
> 7.5 G/L
41
WBC count
4-10 G/L
42
Normal neutropils count
1.8-7 G/L
43
Left shift=
Appearance of immature neutrophilic granulocytes in the periphery
44
Which myeloid cells are present usually in the periphery
Metamyelocyte Band Segment
45
Leukemoid reaction is caused by
Severe infection
46
A decrease number of neutrophilic granulocytes is also called
Granulocytopenia
47
Which enzymes defects may lead to impaired function of granulocytes?
NADPH oxidase | Myeloperoxidase
48
What is seen in bone marrow/periphery of AML?
20% Blast cells
49
Are there any Blast cells in the periphery of healthy person?
No
50
How many Blast cells are in the bone marrow of healthy person?
20%
51
Which acute Leukemia is higher in % in adults?
AML | 80%
52
Which genetic factors may cause AML?
Klinefelter syndrome | Down syndrome
53
AML diagnostic by peripheral blood. What will we see?
High Blast cell % (WBC may not be elevated) | Anemia
54
Which Myeloproliferative disease have Bcr-Abl negative result?
ET IMF PV
55
ET IMF PV All have what + genetic mark?
JAK V617F
56
About __ of all Leukemia are CML
15%
57
AML is caused and maintained by an abnormal
Tyrosine Kinase enzyme
58
Abnorml Tyrosine Kinase enzyme is the result of
bcr-abl fusion gene
59
bcr-abl fusion gene is most commonly produced by
t(9,22) reciprocal translocation
60
Chr. 22- is also called
Philadelphia chr.
61
Abnorml Tyrosine Kinase mechanism of action
Stimulates proliferation | Inhibits apoptosis
62
What is the natural cause of CML without treatment?
Chronic phase Accelerated phase Blast crisis
63
Normal M:E ratio of bone marrow
3:1
64
What happens to PLT count in CML?
Increases initially then there is progressive decrease
65
Which cells are not usually present in AML?
Promyelocyte | Myelocytes
66
Which druf inhibits Tyrosine Kinase
Imatinib (Gleevec)
67
Low blood PLT count is also known as
Thrombocytopenia
68
How to differentiate btw. erythroid and myeloid maturation: Nucleus
Erythroid has round nucleus durring maturation
69
How to differentiate btw. erythroid and myeloid maturation: Color of cytoplasm
Erythroid has a more basophilic cytoplasm
70
How to differentiate btw. erythroid and myeloid maturation: Nucleoli in blast cells
Erythroid has darker nucleoli

S.N Pathophys final (11 decks)

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