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concept 4 > hematology > Flashcards

hematology Flashcards

1
Q

what decreases absorption of iron supplements

A

calcium

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2
Q

what increases absorption of iron supplements

A

orange juice

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3
Q

platelet count in pt w thrombocytopenia

A

under 150k

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4
Q

thrombocytopenia causes mneumonic

A

PLATELETS

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5
Q

throthrombocytopenia causes

A

platelet disorders
leukemia
anemia
trauma
enlarged spleen
liver disease
ethanol
toxins
sepsis

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6
Q

thrombocytopenia neuro symptoms

A

-weakness
-dizziness

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7
Q

thrombocytopenia cardiovascular sxs

A

-tachycardia
-hypotension

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8
Q

thrombocytopenia affect on INR values

A

increased

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9
Q

thrombocytopenia affect on PT/PTT

A

increased

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10
Q

what labs to order to dx thrombocytopenia

A

-aPTT
-PT
-INR
-Hgb & Hct

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11
Q

throbocytopenia affect on Hgb and HCt

A

decreased

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12
Q

thrombocytopenia GI sxs

A

-blood in stool

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13
Q

thrombocytopenia genitourinary sxs

A

blood in urine
heavy menstrual cycles

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14
Q

thrombocytopenia hematologic sx

A

-prolonged bleeding
-petechiae
-purpura (bruising)

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15
Q

treatments for thrombocytopenia

A

-platelet transfusion
-bone marrow transplant
splenectomy

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16
Q

autoimmune disease that prduces antibodies against thrombocytes

A

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

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17
Q

what are thrombocytes

A

platelets

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18
Q

what causes immune thrombocytopenic purpura

A

children w viral illness
females 20-40
pregnancy

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19
Q

what does bone marrow do in the body

A

produces blood cells

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20
Q

what kind of anesthesia/sedation will pt receive for bone marrow biopsy

A

-local anesthesia
-concious sedation

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21
Q

when can pt donate blood for autologous transfusions

A

up to 6 weeks before surgery

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22
Q

pt can donate blood for autologous transfusion weekly if

A

Hgb & Hct are stable

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23
Q

how long is salvaged blood from introperative blood salvage good for

A

6hrs

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24
Q

what blood transfusion for pt w excessive blood loss

A

packed RBCs

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25
Q

what blood transfusion for pt w anemia

A

packed RBCs

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26
Q

what blood transfusion for kidney failure

A

packed RBCs

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27
Q

what blood trasfusion for coagulation factor deficiencies (i.e hemophilia)

A

fresh frozen plasma

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28
Q

blood transfusion for thrombocytopenia

A

platelets

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29
Q

what transfusion for hemophilia A

A

cryoprecipitate

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30
Q

missing clotting factor VIII is what blood disorder

A

hemophilia A

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31
Q

missing clotting factor IX is what blood disorder

A

hemophilia B

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32
Q

what transfusion for burns/hypoproteinemia

A

albumin

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33
Q

do platelets have to match pts blood type

A

no

34
Q

how many mL of platelets are in platelet infusion bags

A

200-300 mL

35
Q

how long should platelets be infused for

A

15-30 mins

36
Q

what should a platelet transfusion set have

A

small filter
short tubing

37
Q

when is Fresh fronzen plasma transfused

A

after it thaws

38
Q

what would cause pt to have reaction to Fresh frozen plasma

A

ABO incompatibility

39
Q

how long should fresh frozen plasma be transfused

A

30-60 mins

40
Q

what should fresh frozen plasma transfusion set have

A

regular y-set or straight filtered tubing

41
Q

why do immunocompromised pts rarely receive WBC

A

they can have severe reactions

42
Q

how long should u wait to give WBC transfusion if pt is taking antibiotics

A

4-6 hrs

43
Q

how long should u transfuse WBC

A

45-60 mins

44
Q

how should u infuse WBC

A

suspended in 400 mL plasma (white blood got suspended but got a 400ml plasma screen)

45
Q

how long should u infuse washed RBCs

A

2-4 hrs

46
Q

how many mL of washed RBCs should u infuse over 2-4 hrs

A

200 mL

47
Q

what are washed RBCs

A

RBCs without WBCs

48
Q

constitutional sx’s of hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

-chills
-fever

49
Q

muskuloskeletal signs of hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

low back pain

50
Q

cardiovascular sxs of hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

-tachycardia
-hypotension
-chest pain

51
Q

resp sxs of hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

-tachypnea (you’d breath fast seeing RBC getting destroyed)

52
Q

gi sxs of hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

-nausea

53
Q

neuro sxs of hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

-anxiety
-impending sense of doom

54
Q

urinary sxs of hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

-hemoglobinuria

55
Q

what should u infuse after pt has hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing

56
Q

onset of febrile transfusion reactions

A

within first 2 hrs

57
Q

what causes febrile transfusion reactions

A

anti-WBC antibodies

58
Q

how to prevent febrile transfusion reaction

A

use WBC filter

59
Q

what to do after stopping infusion in pt w febrile reaction

A

give antipyretics
infuse 0.9% sodium chloride

60
Q

onset of allergic transfusion reaction

A

up to 24 hrs

61
Q

what to do 1st for mild allergic transfusion rxn

A

stop transfusion

62
Q

what to do 2nd for mild allergic transfusion rxn

A

give 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing

63
Q

what to do 3rd for mild allergic transfusion rxn

A

give antihistamine

64
Q

what to do 4th for mild allergic transfusion rxn

A

restart transfusion slowly w provider prescription

65
Q

what to do 1st for anaphylactic rxn during transfusion

A

stop transfusion

66
Q

what to do 2nd for anaphylactic rxn during transfusion

A

-CPR
-Oxygen
-Vasopressors
-Epinephrine
-Corticosteroids
(COVEC 2 ana phil trans)

67
Q

what to do 3rd for anaphylactic transfusion rxn

A

remove blood tubing from IV access

68
Q

what to do 4th for anaphylactic transfusion rxn

A

give 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing

69
Q

bacterial transfusion rxn onset

A

during or several hrs after transfusion

70
Q

resp signs of bacterial transfusion rxn

A

wheezing
SOB

71
Q

cardio signs of bacterial transfusion rxn

A

chest pain
cyanosis
hypotension

72
Q

systemic signs of bacterial transfusion rxn

A

shock

73
Q

what to do 1st for bacterial transfusion rxn

A

stop transfusion

74
Q

what to do 2nd for bacterial transfusion rxn

A

-antibiotics
-Normal saline in a new tube

75
Q

what to do 3rd for bacterial transfusion rxn

A

send blood culture to lab

76
Q

resp signs of circulatory overload

A

-crackles
-SOB
-cough

77
Q

neuro signs of circulatory overload

A

-anxiety

78
Q

1st thing to do for circulatory overload

A

slow/stop infusion

79
Q

2nd thing to do for circulatory overload

A

position pt upright w feet lower than heart (you’d sit up to watch FF2)

80
Q

what to do 3rd for circulatory overload

A

-Diuretics
- O2
-Morphine
(3rd FF was over kill ( circulatory overload) so call DOM)

concept 4 (12 decks)

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