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concept 4 > hematology > Flashcards

hematology Flashcards

1
Q

what decreases absorption of iron supplements

A

calcium

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2
Q

what increases absorption of iron supplements

A

orange juice

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3
Q

platelet count in pt w thrombocytopenia

A

under 150k

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4
Q

thrombocytopenia causes mneumonic

A

PLATELETS

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5
Q

throthrombocytopenia causes

A

platelet disorders
leukemia
anemia
trauma
enlarged spleen
liver disease
ethanol
toxins
sepsis

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6
Q

thrombocytopenia neuro symptoms

A

-weakness
-dizziness

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7
Q

thrombocytopenia cardiovascular sxs

A

-tachycardia
-hypotension

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8
Q

thrombocytopenia affect on INR values

A

increased

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9
Q

thrombocytopenia affect on PT/PTT

A

increased

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10
Q

what labs to order to dx thrombocytopenia

A

-aPTT
-PT
-INR
-Hgb & Hct

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11
Q

throbocytopenia affect on Hgb and HCt

A

decreased

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12
Q

thrombocytopenia GI sxs

A

-blood in stool

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13
Q

thrombocytopenia genitourinary sxs

A

blood in urine
heavy menstrual cycles

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14
Q

thrombocytopenia hematologic sx

A

-prolonged bleeding
-petechiae
-purpura (bruising)

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15
Q

treatments for thrombocytopenia

A

-platelet transfusion
-bone marrow transplant
splenectomy

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16
Q

autoimmune disease that prduces antibodies against thrombocytes

A

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

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17
Q

what are thrombocytes

A

platelets

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18
Q

what causes immune thrombocytopenic purpura

A

children w viral illness
females 20-40
pregnancy

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19
Q

what does bone marrow do in the body

A

produces blood cells

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20
Q

what kind of anesthesia/sedation will pt receive for bone marrow biopsy

A

-local anesthesia
-concious sedation

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21
Q

when can pt donate blood for autologous transfusions

A

up to 6 weeks before surgery

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22
Q

pt can donate blood for autologous transfusion weekly if

A

Hgb & Hct are stable

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23
Q

how long is salvaged blood from introperative blood salvage good for

A

6hrs

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24
Q

what blood transfusion for pt w excessive blood loss

A

packed RBCs

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25
what blood transfusion for pt w anemia
packed RBCs
26
what blood transfusion for kidney failure
packed RBCs
27
what blood trasfusion for coagulation factor deficiencies (i.e hemophilia)
fresh frozen plasma
28
blood transfusion for thrombocytopenia
platelets
29
what transfusion for hemophilia A
cryoprecipitate
30
missing clotting factor VIII is what blood disorder
hemophilia A
31
missing clotting factor IX is what blood disorder
hemophilia B
32
what transfusion for burns/hypoproteinemia
albumin
33
do platelets have to match pts blood type
no
34
how many mL of platelets are in platelet infusion bags
200-300 mL
35
how long should platelets be infused for
15-30 mins
36
what should a platelet transfusion set have
small filter short tubing
37
when is Fresh fronzen plasma transfused
after it thaws
38
what would cause pt to have reaction to Fresh frozen plasma
ABO incompatibility
39
how long should fresh frozen plasma be transfused
30-60 mins
40
what should fresh frozen plasma transfusion set have
regular y-set or straight filtered tubing
41
why do immunocompromised pts rarely receive WBC
they can have severe reactions
42
how long should u wait to give WBC transfusion if pt is taking antibiotics
4-6 hrs
43
how long should u transfuse WBC
45-60 mins
44
how should u infuse WBC
suspended in 400 mL plasma (white blood got suspended but got a 400ml plasma screen)
45
how long should u infuse washed RBCs
2-4 hrs
46
how many mL of washed RBCs should u infuse over 2-4 hrs
200 mL
47
what are washed RBCs
RBCs without WBCs
48
constitutional sx's of hemolytic transfusion reaction
-chills -fever
49
muskuloskeletal signs of hemolytic transfusion reaction
low back pain
50
cardiovascular sxs of hemolytic transfusion reactions
-tachycardia -hypotension -chest pain
51
resp sxs of hemolytic transfusion reaction
-tachypnea (you’d breath fast seeing RBC getting destroyed)
52
gi sxs of hemolytic transfusion reaction
-nausea
53
neuro sxs of hemolytic transfusion reaction
-anxiety -impending sense of doom
54
urinary sxs of hemolytic transfusion reaction
-hemoglobinuria
55
what should u infuse after pt has hemolytic transfusion reaction
0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing
56
onset of febrile transfusion reactions
within first 2 hrs
57
what causes febrile transfusion reactions
anti-WBC antibodies
58
how to prevent febrile transfusion reaction
use WBC filter
59
what to do after stopping infusion in pt w febrile reaction
give antipyretics infuse 0.9% sodium chloride
60
onset of allergic transfusion reaction
up to 24 hrs
61
what to do 1st for mild allergic transfusion rxn
stop transfusion
62
what to do 2nd for mild allergic transfusion rxn
give 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing
63
what to do 3rd for mild allergic transfusion rxn
give antihistamine
64
what to do 4th for mild allergic transfusion rxn
restart transfusion slowly w provider prescription
65
what to do 1st for anaphylactic rxn during transfusion
stop transfusion
66
what to do 2nd for anaphylactic rxn during transfusion
-CPR -Oxygen -Vasopressors -Epinephrine -Corticosteroids (COVEC 2 ana phil trans)
67
what to do 3rd for anaphylactic transfusion rxn
remove blood tubing from IV access
68
what to do 4th for anaphylactic transfusion rxn
give 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing
69
bacterial transfusion rxn onset
during or several hrs after transfusion
70
resp signs of bacterial transfusion rxn
wheezing SOB
71
cardio signs of bacterial transfusion rxn
chest pain cyanosis hypotension
72
systemic signs of bacterial transfusion rxn
shock
73
what to do 1st for bacterial transfusion rxn
stop transfusion
74
what to do 2nd for bacterial transfusion rxn
-antibiotics -Normal saline in a new tube
75
what to do 3rd for bacterial transfusion rxn
send blood culture to lab
76
resp signs of circulatory overload
-crackles -SOB -cough
77
neuro signs of circulatory overload
-anxiety
78
1st thing to do for circulatory overload
slow/stop infusion
79
2nd thing to do for circulatory overload
position pt upright w feet lower than heart (you’d sit up to watch FF2)
80
what to do 3rd for circulatory overload
-Diuretics - O2 -Morphine (3rd FF was over kill ( circulatory overload) so call DOM)

concept 4 (12 decks)

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