community Flashcards
what temp should hot water be set at to prevent burns
120 degrees or lower
psychiatric condition manifesting as a physical complaint
somatization disorder
antibiotic prescribed for a wide range of serious skin infections and is also effective against inhalation anthrax
ciprofloxacin
can u take cipro with antacids?
no
why cant you take cipro with antacids
impairs absorption
who should u plan to inoculate with small pox vaccine
pts who have had a direct exposure
why is the smallpox vaccine only given to pts who have been directly exposed
smallpox has increased risk of complications
what should an ED charge nurse do first when there is a multiple-casualty?
clear department of nonurgent pts and move admissions to holding area
primary action for pt who reveals suicidal intent
transport to treatment facility
what type of health care is most likely absent in a rural setting
tertiary care
what to have incase of nuclear disaster
potassium iodide
care that focuses on preventing illness rather than after illness occurs is called
upstream thinking
nursing theory that looks at pts environment & health and emphasizes preventative care
nightingales environmental theory
the health of houses, ventilation and warming, light and noise and personal cleanliness is an example of what nursing theory
nightingales environmental theory
nursing theory that pt health behaviors are based on their beliefs.
health belief model
Individuals who do not think they will get the flu are less likely to get a yearly flu shot is an example of what nursing theory
health belief model
nursing theory that emphasizes change at community level
milos framework for prevention
nursing theory that examines factors that affect individual actions to promote & protect health
penders health promotion model
6 stages of transtheoretical change model
-pre-contemplation
-contemplation
-preparation
-action
-maintenance
-termination
ethical principle that maximizes possible benefits and minimize possible harms
beneficence
approach that seeks to improve quality and performance which meets or exceeds expectations
Total quality management
approach to quality management that emphasizes the organization and its processes and systems and uses objective data to analyze and improve processes.
Continuous quality improvement
disease surveillance is an example of what prevention
secondary
screenings are an example of what prevention
secondary
case management is an example of what prevention
tertiary
exercise for a pt with htn is an example of what prevention
tertiary
rehab is an example of what prevention
tertiary
addresses the needs of individual members of a community is called
community based nursing
focuses on health promotion and disease prevention in the community.
community-oriented nursing
wound care to an individual
in the home as an example of
community-based nursing
A public health nurse is reviewing the outcomes of an exercise program at various locations. Which of the following aspects of care does this finding evaluate?
Equity
Partnering with a laboratory company to provide free HIV screenings for the public is an example of?
public health assurance
ensuring the findings gathered through assessment and policy-related research are effectively implemented is an example of?
public health assurance
Assisting the client to modify cultural practices that are not beneficial to the client’s health
Cultural repatterning
Advocating, mediating, negotiating, and intervening between the client’s culture and health care culture on behalf of the client is called
Cultural brokering
focus on identifying
a cause for every effect on the body, that the body functions like a machine is called
biomedical beliefs
beliefs about illness relate the individual as a part of nature or creation is called
naturalistic beliefs
beliefs about illness link health to supernatural forces, or good and evil is called
magico-religious beliefs
first step of cultural assessment
collect data on pts ethnic background and beliefs
second step of cultural assessment
ask questions about pts perception of health needs
third (final) step of cultural assessment
identify how cultural factors affect effectiveness of nursing interventions
can interpreters be from the same community as the patient?
no
mnemonic for environmental exposure assessment
I PREPARE
I PREPARE questions for environmental exposure
-investigate (potential exposures)
-present work (any job exposures, if they use ppe, what household members do)
-residence (how up to date their house is)
-environmental concerns
-activities
-referrals/resources
-educate
health agency that manages poor women, infants and children up to age 5
WIC program
program for uninsured children whose families don’t qualify for medicaid
CHIP (children’s health insurance program)
hospital care is covered by which part of medicare?
Part A
hospice is covered by which part of medicare?
Part A
limited skill nursing care is covered by which part of medicare?
Part A
diagnostic services is covered by which part of medicare?
part b
health care provider services is covered by which part of medicare
part b
ambulance service is covered by which part of medicare
part b
medical equipment is covered by which part of medicare
part b
medicare advantage plan is also known as what part of medicare
part c
who provides medicare advantage plan?
private insurance companies
prescription medication is covered by which part of medicare
part D
pts 65+ yrs old and receiving social security qualify for?
medicare
pts who have been receiving disability benefits for 2 years qualify for?
medicare
pts who are on dialysis qualify for?
medicare
pts who had a kidney transplant qualify for
medicare
poor people and children qualify for?
medicaid
insurance that has a set of designated providers
HMO (health maintenance organizations)
insurance using untaxed money in an account for medical expenses is called
medical savings account
coordinating directives from the state is the responsibility of what department?
local health department
what department reports communicable diseases to the CDC
state departments of health
inconvenient hours is an example of what
barrier to health care access
branch of medicine that monitors disease trends
epidemiology
3 parts of epidemiological triangle
agent
host
environment
noise is an example of what kind of agent
physical
number of new cases in a population is called
incidence
number of existing cases in a population is called
prevalence
rate of disease exceeds usual lvl of condition is called
epidemic
epidemic occurring in multiple countries is called
pandemic
transmission of a disease from parent to offspring is called
vertical transmission
transmission through person to person is called
horizontal transmission
isolation precautions for measles
airborne
isolation precautions for chickenpox
airborne
isolation precautions for tuberculosis
airborne
isolation precautions for pertussis
droplet
isolation precautions for influenza
droplet
isolation precautions for SARS
droplet
diseases transmitted through mosquitos or ticks are called
vector borne
immunity from exposure to infectious agent
acquired immunity
immunity from antibodies made by the body
Active
immunity from transferred antibodies
passive
is cholera a nationally notifiable disease
yes
is tetanus a nationally notifiable disease?
yes
is pertussis a nationally notifiable disease
yes
how is influenza transmitted (diff from isolation precautions)
airborne
data collection by driving through a community is called
windshield survey
using existing data such as death, birth statistics etc. is called
secondary data
learning through doing is called
tactile kinesthetic learning
Use of reinforcement methods to change learners’ behaviors is which learning theory
behavioral theory
Use of sensory input and repetition to change learners’ patterns of thought, thereby changing behaviors is which learning theory
cognitive theory
Use of ongoing discussion and inquiry to increase learners’ depth of knowledge, thereby changing thinking and behaviors is which learning theory
critical theory
Use of techniques specific to learners’ developmental stages to determine readiness to learn, and to impart knowledge is which learning theory
developmental theory
Assists learners to grow by emphasizing emotions and relationships and believing that free choice will prompt actions that are in their own best interest is which learning theory
humanistic theory
Links information to beliefs and values to change or shift the learners’ expectations is which learning theory
social learning theory
pavlovs dog theory is an example of what learning theory
behavioral theory
marxisim and feminism are examples of what learning theory
critical theory
which learning domain of learning involves knowledge and intellectual skill development
cognitive domain
which learning domain involves change in attitude and development of values
affective domain
pt accepting having a colostomy and maintaining self esteem is an example of what learning domain
affective domain
pt discussing how sodium intake will affect blood pressure is an example of what learning domain
cognitive domain
learning domain that involves skill performance
psychomotor domain
nurse teaching pt how to self administer insulin is an example of which learning domain
psychomotor domain
what readability level should education materials be written at
6-8th grade (middle school) (write so simple a middle schooler can understand instructions)
what to assess during windshield survey
-people
-place
-housing
-social systems
A nurse is completing a needs assessment and beginning analysis of data. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Compile collected data into a database.
A nurse is conducting a community assessment. Which of the following data collection methods is the nurse using when having direct conversations with individual members of the community?
Key informant interviews
direct conversations with individual community members for the
purpose of obtaining ideas and opinions are called
Informant interviews
observing formal or informal community activities and does not involve direct conversations with individual community members
Participant observation
directed talks with a representative sample of a community, and do not involve direct conversations with individual community members.
Focus groups
specific questions asked in a written format and do not involve direct conversations with individual community members.
surveys
model used by home health and hospice nurses
omaha system
care that supports the pt and family through dying process is called
hospice care
which care provides bereavement support after a pts death
hospice care
nurse that works to promote healthy work environment to foster the health and safety of workers
occupational health nurse
odor is what kind of environmental factor
physical
overcrowding is what kind of environmental factor
social
sanitation is what kind of environmental factor
social
nurses that promote the health and wellness of populations of faith communities
parish nurses
groups that have a common characteristic are called
aggregates
perinatal conditions and congenital anomalities are a leading cause of death for which aggregate
children
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) is a leading cause of death for which aggregate
children
motor vehicle and unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death for which 2 aggregates
children and adolescents
homicide is a leading cause of death for which aggregate
adolescents
suicide is a leading cause of death for which aggregate
adolescents
used to highlight relationships between a child, their family and their social network
ecomap
what age group has the highest suicide rate
45-64 yr olds
which gender is more likely to ATTEMPT suicide?
females
which gender is more likely to COMPLETE suicide
males
which ethnic group is more likely to commit suicide
caucasians
which group is the fastest growing segment of the homeless population
families with children
what are the 4 phases of emotional reaction during a disaster?
heroic
honeymoon
disillusionment
reconstruction
Intense excitement and concern for survival. Often a rush of assistance from outside the area is present happened during what disaster emotional phase?
heroic phase
Affected individuals begin to bond and relive their experiences during what disaster emotional phase?
honeymoon
Responders can experience depression and exhaustion. Phase contains unexpected delays in receiving aid during what disaster emotional phase?
disillusionment
Involves adjusting to a new reality
and continued rebuilding of the area. Counseling is sometimes needed. Those affected begin looking ahead during what disaster emotional phase?
reconstruction
which category of bioterrorism agents is the highest priority?
category A
what category of bioterrorism agents is smallpox?
category A
what category of bioterrorism agents is botulism?
category A
what category of bioterrorism agents is anthrax?
category A
what category of bioterrorism agents is tularemia?
category A
what category of bioterrorism agents is ebola?
category A
viral hemorrhagic fevers are also known as
ebola
what category of bioterrorism agents is plague?
category a
biological agents which are easily transmitted and have high mortality rates are what category of bioterrorism agents?
category a
which category of biological agents are the second highest priority
category b
what category of bioterrorism agents is typhus fever?
category b
what category of bioterrorism agents is ricin toxin?
category b
what category of bioterrorism agents is E. Coli
category b
what category of bioterrorism agents is west nile virus
category b
biological agents with high morbidity rates, LOW mortality rate are what category of bioterrorism agents?
category b
what is dissemination?
widely spreading something
category of biological agents that have high morbidity, mortality rates and can be engineered for mass dissemination?
category c
what category of bioterrorism agents is hantavirus?
category c
what category of bioterrorism agents is influenza virus?
category c
what category of bioterrorism agents is tuberculosis?
category c
what category of bioterrorism agents is tuberculosis?
category c
what category of bioterrorism agents is rabies virus?
category c
what is given for prevention of anthrax following an exposure?
antibiotics
which antibiotics are given for anthrax prevention after exposure?
ciprofloxacin and doxycycline
what is given to pts at high risk for exposure to anthrax?
anthrax vaccine
how are manifestations of anthrax treated?
antitoxin and IV antibiotics
what are the manifestations of an anthrax infection?
headache
fever chills
muscle aches
chest discomfort
severe dyspnea
shock
how is botulism treated?
antitoxin
airway management
elimination of toxin
supportive care
how is botulism eliminated from the body?
voiting
enemas
surgical exision of wound tissue
supportive care for botulism?
nutrition
fluids
manifestations of botulism?
double/blurred vision
slurred speech
difficulty swallowing
progressive muscle weakness
diffciulty breathing
what is botulism?
toxin that attacks the body’s nerves and causes weakness of the muscles that control the eyes, face, mouth, throat, breathing ,neck and extremities
how do you get botulism?
from food, inhalation , wounds
how to tell small pox from chickenpox
rash on face and tongue instead of primarily trunk
supportive care for smallpox?
hydration
pain meds
antipyretics
antibiotics for secondary infections
how is ebola transmitted?
contaminated body fluids
ebola s/s?
fever
severe headache
joint/muscle ache
fatigue/weakness
hemorrhage
vomiting/diarrhea
shock
ebola isolation precautions
droplet and contact
ebola PPE?
gown
2 pairs of gloves
boot cover
apron
n95 mask
what mask to wear for ebola pt
n95 mask
what gloves for ebola
2 disposable gloves
precautions for ebola pt after recovery
prevent semen contact for up to 3 months
rapidly increasing disease in a normally healthy population is a sign of what
bioterrorism
endemic occuring at an unusual time is a sign of what
bioterrorism event
an influenza outbreak in SUMMER is a sign of what?
bioterrorism event
an unusual number of dead or dying animals is a sign of what?
bioterrorism event
