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concept 4 > gastro med surg > Flashcards

gastro med surg Flashcards

1
Q

what digestive enzymes does the pancreas secrete

A

amylase
protease
lipase

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2
Q

what does the enzyme amylase break down

A

carbs into glucose

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3
Q

what does the enzyme protease break down

A

proteins

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4
Q

what does the enzyme lipase break down

A

fats

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5
Q

causes of acute pancreatitis

A

-tumor
-infection
-trauma
-meds
-alcohol
-gallstones

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6
Q

where in the abd will pancreatitits pain be felt

A

LUQ inthe mid epigastric

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7
Q

bluish discoloration at the flanks is called what? and what is it a sign of

A

grey-turners sign which indicates pancreatitis

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8
Q

bluish discoloration at the belly button is called what and indicates?

A

cullens sign and pancreatitis

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9
Q

gastro sxs of pancreatitis

A

-LUQ mid epigastric pain
-abd guarding
-board like abd
-N/V

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10
Q

systemic signs of pancreatitis

A

-fever

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11
Q

cardio sxs of pancreatitis

A

increased HR
decreased BP

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12
Q

pancreatitis causes mneumonic

A

TITMAG

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13
Q

neuro sxs of pancreatitis

A

-confusion
-agitiation

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14
Q

endocrine sxs of pancreatitis

A

-elevated glucose

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15
Q

integumentary sxs of pancreatitis

A

-grey turners sign
-cullens sign

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16
Q

signs of pancreatitis

A

Neuro:
-agitation
-confusion
Cardio:
-increased HR
-decreased BP
GI:
-nausea/vomiting
-board like abdomen
-LUQ epigastric pain
-abd guarding
Endocrine:
-elevated glucose
Integumentary:
-cullens sign
-grey turners sign
fever

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17
Q

gastro signs of chronic pancreatitis

A

-chronic epigastric pain or no pain
-steatorrhea (fatty stools)
-jaundice
-weight loss
-pain increased w alcohol or fatty meals

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18
Q

endocrine signs of chronic pancreatitis

A

-diabetes

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19
Q

urinary sxs of chronic pancreatitis

A

-dark urine

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20
Q

meds for pancreatitis

A

-opioids
-antibiotics
-insulin
-PPIs
-H2 antagonists
-antacids

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21
Q

what to monitor for pancreatitis pt

A

-glucose
-BP
-I&O
-lab values
-stools

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22
Q

what position should pacreatitis pt be placed in

A

side lying/fetal position

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23
Q

what position should pancreatitis pt not be put in

A

supine

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24
Q

how should pancreatitis pt be given fluids

A

through IV and kept NPO

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25
Q

protein intake education for pancreatitis pt

A

increase protein

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26
Q

alcohol intake education for pancreatitis pt

A

no alcohol

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27
Q

sugar intake education for pancreatitis pt

A

limit sugars

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28
Q

fat intake education for pancreatitis pt

A

decrease fats

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29
Q

carb intake education for pancreatitis pt

A

only complex carbs

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30
Q

examples of complex carbs

A

-fruits
-vegetables
-grains

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31
Q

causes of chronic pancreatitis

A

-reoccuring acute pancreatitis
-excessive alcohol
-cystic fibrosis

32
Q

labs to get to dx pancreatitis

A

-amylase
-lipase
-WBCs
-bilirubin
-glucose
-platelets
-calcium
-magnesium

33
Q

how will amylase and lipase lvls be in pancreatitis pt

A

increased

34
Q

how will WBCs be in pancreatitis pt

A

increased

35
Q

how will bilirubin lvls be in pancreatitis pt

A

increased

36
Q

how will glucose lvls be in pancreatitis pt

A

increased

37
Q

how will platelet lvls be in pancreatitis pt

A

decreased

38
Q

how will calcium lvls be in pancreatitis pt

A

decreased

39
Q

how will magnesium lvls be in pancreatitis pt

A

decreased

40
Q

inflammation in the GI tract from mouth to anus causes

A

chrohns disease

41
Q

signs of chrohns disease

A

-cobble stone appearance in GI tract
-abd cramping after meals
-mucus like diarrhea (semi solid)
-abd distension
-N/V
-fever

42
Q

inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine and rectum causes

A

ulcerative colitis

43
Q

is there a cure for chron’s disease

A

no

44
Q

s/s of ulcerative colitis

A

-rectal bleeding
-bloody diarrhea
-abd cramping
-increased HR
-decreased BP
-hypovolemic shock
-malnutrition
-dehydration
-vitamin K deficiency

45
Q

what to monitor in ulcerative colitis pt

A

-bowel sounds
-bowel perforation
-peritonitis
-hemorrhage
-stool

46
Q

what are 2 inflammatory bowel diseases

A

chron’s disease
ulcerative colitis

47
Q

fluids and nutrition for inflammatory bowel disease pts

A

NPO
IV fluids
IV electrolytes
Parenteral nutrition

48
Q

diet education for pt w inflammatory bowel disease

A

-clear liquids
-increase proteins
-vitamins and iron supplements
-avoid gas forming foods
-no smoking

49
Q

meds for inflammatory bowel disease

A

-corticosteroids
-immunosuppressants
-antidiarrheals
-salicylate compounds

50
Q

causes of hepatitis

A

-viruses
-alcohol use
-hepatotoxic meds

51
Q

what hepititis viruses have vaccines

A

hep A& B

52
Q

GI s/s of hepatitis

A

-N/V
-abd pain
-loss of appetite
-jaundice
-clay colored stool

53
Q

urine sxs of hepatitis

A

-dark colored urine

54
Q

systemic sxs of hepatitis

A

-flu like sxs

55
Q

which hepatitis viruses are caused by fecal and oral

A

A&E

56
Q

which hepatitis virus is mostly in IV drug users

A

C

57
Q

which hepatitis is from body fluids

A

hep B

58
Q

which hepatitis virus only occurs with hep B

A

hep D

59
Q

what labs will be elevated in hepatitis

A

-AST
-ALT
-bilirubin
-ammonia

60
Q

diet education for hepatitis pt

A

-small frequent meals
-increase calories
-increase carbs
-decrease protein
-decrease fat

61
Q

what causes cirrhosis

A

alcohol
fatty liver disease

62
Q

what non alcoholic causes of fatty liver disease

A

-hep B&C
-autoimmune disorder
-hepatotoxic drugs
-toxins/parasites
-obesity
-diabetes
-high cholesterol

63
Q

neuro signs of cirrhosis

A

-asterixis (hand flapping)

64
Q

gastro signs of cirrhosis

A

-jaundice
-ascites
abd pain
-chronic dyspepsia

65
Q

cardio signs of cirrhocis

A

-edema

66
Q

hematologic signs of cirrhosis

A

-increased bilirubin
-increased ammonia
-decreased platelets
-decreased WBCs

67
Q

what are cirrhosis pts at risk for due to their hematologic sxs

A

-infection (decreased WBC)
-bleeding (decreased platelets)

68
Q

meds for cirrhosis

A

-antacids
-vitamins
-diuretics
-lactulose

69
Q

what meds should u avoid in pts w cirrhosis

A

-narcotics (they cant metabolize the drugs)
-acetaminophen

70
Q

why do u give cirrhosis pt lactulose

A

decrease ammonia

71
Q

cirrhosis complications

A

-portal HTN
-GI bleeding
-splenomegaly
-anemia
-hepatic encephalopathy/coma
-gynecomastia
-hepatorenal syndrome

72
Q

what to monitor in cirrhosis pt

A

-bleeding
-abdominal girth
-weight
-I&O

73
Q

what to do if cirrhosis pt has ascites

A

-paracentesis

74
Q

what is a paracentesis

A

removal of fluid from peritoneal cavity

75
Q

procedures for cirrhosis

A

-paracentesis
-liver transplant

76
Q

integumentary sx’s of cirrhosis

A

-pruritis

77
Q

bleeding precaution education for cirrhosis pt

A

-electric razor
-soft bristled toothbrush
-pressure on all venipuncture

concept 4 (12 decks)

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