fundamentals Flashcards
1
Q
home health care is what level of health care
A
restorative
2
Q
rehabs are what level of health care
A
restorative
3
Q
skilled nursing facilities are what level of health care
A
restorative
4
Q
emergency departments are what level of health care
A
secondary
5
Q
diagnostic centers are what level of health care
A
secondary
6
Q
urgent care centers are what level of health care
A
secondary
7
Q
level of health care that diagnoses and treats acute illnesses and injuries
A
secondary health care
8
Q
oncology centers are what level of health care
A
tertiary health care
9
Q
intensive care are what level of health care
A
tertiary health care
10
Q
burn centers are what level of health care
A
tertiary health care
11
Q
level of health care in which a patient is treated for a brief but severe episode of illness, for conditions that are the result of disease or trauma, and during recovery from surgery is called?
A
acute care
12
Q
end of life care is what level of health care
A
continuing health care
13
Q
palliative care is what level of health care
A
continuing health care
14
Q
hospice is what level of health care
A
continuing health care
15
Q
adult day care is what level of health care
A
continuing health care
16
Q
assisted living is what level of health care
A
continuing health care
17
Q
in home repsite care is what level of health care
A
continuing health care
18
Q
level of health care that addresses long term or chronic health care needs over a period of time
A
continuing health care
19
Q
fullfilment of promises is what ethical principle
A
fidelity
20
Q
what type of law protects individual rights?
A
civil law
21
Q
negligence is what type of tort
A
unintentional
22
Q
professional negligence is also called
A
malpractice
23
Q
confidentiality breaches are what type of tort
A
quasi intentional
24
Q
defamation is what type of tort
A
quasi intentional
25
what type of tort is assault
intentional
26
conduct that makes another person fearful and apprehensive is which intentional tort
assault
27
threatening to place an NG tube in a pt who refuses to eat is which intentional tort
assault
28
what type of tort is battery
intentional
29
intentional and wrongful contact with a person that involves an injury or offensive contact is which intentional tort
battery
30
restraining and giving an injection against a pts wishes is which intentional tort
battery
31
which type of tort is false imprisonment
intentional
32
what to do if a dnr pt has no pulse but there is no provider dnr prescription in pts medical record
start cpr
33
which sentence documents a clients behavior accurately, "client is agitated" or "client pacing back and forth in the room, yelling loudly".
"client pacing back and forth in the room, yelling loudly" (shows what nurse sees and hears)
34
can you pre chart an assessment, intervention or evaluation?
no
35
should advance directives be included in transfer reports?
yes
36
should medication routine from medication administration record be included in transfer reports?
no unless there is a significant change in the routine (they can read it themselves in the chart)
37
should an upcoming bone scan be included in transfer report?
yes because nurse might have to modify care to accommodate leaving unit
38
is. talking about a pt at a nursing station a HIPAA violation?
no
39
should an incidence report be done for an omitted prescription?
yes
40
can an AP apply a condom catheter?
yes
41
what are the 5 rights of delegation
right task
right circumstance
right person
right direction and communication
right supervision and evaluation
42
can an AP administer a nebulizer treatment to a pt with pneumonia?
no
43
can an AP measure vitals of stable post op pt?
yes
44
can an AP give enteral feedings?
no
45
what does right direction and communication include?
what data to collect
method/timeline for reporting
specific tasks and client specific instructions
results, timelines and follow up communication expectations
46
making choices without help from others and fully assuming responsibility for choices is what level of critical thinking?
commitment
47
increasing IV fluid infusion when pt BP shows hypovolemic shock 24 hrs after surgery is what level of critical thinking?
commitment
48
what are the 3 levels of critical thinking?
basic
complex
commitment
49
does turning away from a sterile field contaminate it?
yes
50
time between infection and first symptom
incubation
51
time between general findings to distinct findings in an infection
prodromal stage
52
when findings specific to infection occur
illness stage
53
time between acute symptoms stop and total recovery
convalescence
54
an increase in what over 20mm/hr indicates active inflammatory process or infection?
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
55
what are protective encironments used for
patient's who are immunocompromised
56
what kind of airflow should be used in a protective environment
positive airflow 12
57
what does positive airflow do?
prevent airborne pathogens from entering
58
what airflow should be used in airborne precautions
negative pressure airflow
59
how many exchanges per hr should negative pressure airflow be used
6-12 exchanges/hr
60
is ibuprofen an antipyretic?
no
61
what pts should you keep side rails up?
sedated
unconcious
compromised
62
what rescue equipment should be at bedside for seizure precautions?
O2
oral airway
suction equipment
side rail padding
63
how many hrs of restraint does a prescription allow for an adult
4 hrs
64
how many hrs does a restraint prescription allow for a pt 9-17 yrs old
2 hrs
65
how many hrs does a restraint prescription allow for pt younger than 9 yrs old
1 hr
66
what class of fire extinguishers are for combustibles?
class A
67
what are examples of combustibles?
paper
wood
rags
68
class of fire extinguishers for flammable liquids and gas fires?
class b
69
class of fire extinguishers for electrical fires?
class c
70
should you go to the nurses station for help when a pt is having a seizure?
no stay with pt and use call light to call for help
71
what position to place pt having seizure
side lying (prevent choking on tongue)
72
what should you place along base of door to contain fire and smoke?
wet towels
73
how should infant be placed to rest?
on their back (*back to sleep*)
74
can you leave a mobile toy over a infants bed if they're able to push up?
no
75
what kind of bed should climbing toddler be put in?
low bed
76
how should infants/toddlers under 2 yrs old car seats be placed?
rear facing
77
what kind of harness should be used for infant/children?
5 point harness
78
what should be used after a child outgrows a forward facing car seat?
booster seat
79
what spf of sunscreen should be used for toddlers
30 spf or higher
80
who should use booster seats?
children less than 4'9
weigh less than 40lbs
4-8 yrs old
81
children under what age should sit in backseat
under 12
82
where should bullets be stored
different location from guns
83
water heaters should not be higher than what temperature
120 degrees Fahrenheit
84
where should ice packs be placed for heat stroke pt
axillae
chest
groin
neck
85
should a burn pt be NPO?
yes
86
how does CO2 reduce the oxygen
binding to hemoglobin
87
can nail polish be used near pt receiving oxygen?
no (its flammable)
88
what material of clothing and bedding should a pt receiving oxygen use
cotton (*wool/synthetic create static electricity/fires)
89
HOB elevated 15-45 degrees is what position
semi fowlers
90
HOB elevated 45-60 degrees is what position
fowlers
91
what position for NG tube insertion and suctioning
fowlers (45-60 degrees)
92
what position to prevent regurgitation and aspiration for dysphagia pts
semi fowlers
93
position for pts with dyspnea or receiving mechanical ventilation
semi fowlers
94
pt lying supine with HOB elevated 60-90 degrees
high fowlers
95
position for severe dyspnea and prevents aspiration during meals
high fowlers
96
supine is also known as
dorsal recumbent
97
which position prevents hip flexion contractions after lower extremity amputation
prone
98
position for COPD
orthpneic
99
pt sitting with arms resting on pillow on overbed table across their lap is what position
orthopneic
100
position for hypovolemia
modified trendelenburg
101
when should you take a break from repetitive movements to flex/stretch joints and muscles
every 15-20 mins
102
how should knees be when sitting for long periods of time
higher than hips
103
how to treat anthrax inhalation
cipro & doxy plus 1 or 2 additional antibiotics
104
how to treat cutaneous anthrax
just cipro and doxy
105
how to treat mass casualty tularemia
cipro or doxy
106
how to treat general tularemia
streptomycin or gentamicin
107
what to do for bed confined pts during tornado
place blankets over them
108
should u apply water to a dry chemical exposure?
no (could activate chemical)
109
how to get dry chemical off
use brush to remove from skin and clothing
110
how often should dental assessments be done
every 6 months
111
how often should TB skin tests be done
every 2 years
112
how often should skin assessments be done for ages 20-40
every 3 yrs
113
how often should skin assessments be done for ages 40+
annually
114
how much weight do newborns gain a week in the 1st 6 months
5-7 oz
115
when should an infant demonstrate a head lag
1 month
116
when should an infant have a strong grasp reflex
1 month
117
what should a 1 month old infant have
head lag
strong grasp reflex
118
when should infant be able to lift head off mattress when prone
2 months
119
when should infant hold hands in open position and grasp reflex fade
2 months
120
when should infant raise head and shoulders off matress when prone
3 months
121
when should infant have only a slight head lag
3 months
122
when should an infants grasp reflex disappear
3 months
123
when should infant keep hands loosely open
3 months
124
when should an infant roll from back to side
4 months
125
when should infant be able to grasp objects w both hands
4 months
126
when should infant be able to put objects in mouth
4 months
127
when should infant roll from back to front
6 months
128
when should infant hold bottle
6 months
129
when should infant bear full weight on feet
7 months
130
when should infant sit leaning forward on both hands
7 months
131
when should infant be able to move objects from hand to hand
7 months
132
when should an infant be able to sit unsupported
8 months
133
when should infant start using pincer grasp
8 months
134
when should infant be able to pull to a standing position
9 months
135
when should infant have crude pincer grasp.
9 mo
136
when should infant dominant hand be evident
9 months
137
when should infant be able to change from prone to sitting position
10 mo
138
when should infant grasp rattle by its handle
10 mo
139
when should infant be able to walk while holding onto something
11 mo
140
when should infant be able to place object into container
11 mo
141
when should infant develop neat pincer grasp
11 mo
142
when should infant be able to sit down from standing w/o help
12 mo
143
when should infant be able to walk with one hand held
12 mo
144
when should infant be able to attempt to build 2 block tower
12 mo
145
when should an infant be able to turn pages in a book
12 mo
146
according to piaget birth to 2 yrs is what stage
sensorimotor stage
147
when does object permanence develop according to Piaget
9 mo
148
when will newborn regain birth weight?
2nd week of life
149
when does the anterior fontanel close?
12-18 months (toddler)
150
toddler age range
1-3 years
151
infant age range
2 days-1 year
152
how many hrs does a toddler sleep a day
15 hrs
153
when does the posterior fontanel close
2-3 mo (infant)
154
when should birth weight double
4-6 months
155
when does birth weight triple?
end of 1st year
156
how much does infant head circumference increase per month in 1st 3 months
2 cm per month
157
how much does infant head circumference increase per month in months 4-6
1 cm per month
158
young adult age range
20-35 yrs old
159
can a pt on bleedng precautions have a rectal temp taken?
no
160
a body temp lower than 95 degrees fahrenheit is considered?
hypothermia
161
what age do female adolescents stop growing
16-17 years old
162
adolescent age range
12-20 years
163
when do male adolescents stop growing
18-20 years old
164
what nutrients are adolescents deficient in
iron
calcium
vitamins A & C
165
1st sign of female puberty
appearance of breast buds
166
2nd sign of female puberty
pubic hair growth
167
3rd sign of female puberty
menstration
168
1st sign of male puberty
increase in testes & scrotum size
169
2nd sign of male puberty
pubes
170
3rd sign of male puberty
rapid genitalia growth
171
4th sign of male puberty
armpit hair
172
5th sign of male puberty
mustache
173
6th sign of male puberty
change in voice
174
age appropriate activities for adolescents
video games
music
movies
caring for pet
career training program
reading
175
adolescent immunizations
HPV
Hep A & B
measles
mumps
rubella
varicella
seasonal influenza
meningococcal & polio
176
young adult age range
20-35 yrs old
177
what age group does physical senses peak
young adults
178
what age range do muscles function optimally
25-30
179
how to position ear when taking tympanic temp of adult
up and back
180
how to position ear when taking tympanic temp of child younger than 3 yrs old
down and back
181
can u use electronic ear thermometers for infants 3 months and younger
no
182
why cant u use electronic ear thermometers for infants 3 months and younger
inaccurate readings
183
which nervous system controls heart rate
autonomic
184
which nervous system lowers HR
parasympathetic nervous system
185
which nervous system raises HR
sympathetic
186
what should u grade an absent pulse
0
187
what should u grade a weak pulse
1+
188
what should u grade a brisk pulse
2+
189
what should u grade an increased/strong pulse
3+
190
what should u grade a bounding pulse
4+
191
how does hypothermia affect HR
slows it down
192
how does digoxin affect HR
slows it down
193
how do beta blockers affect HR
slows it down
194
how do calcium channel blockers affect HR
slows it down
195
how does goes from standing/sitting to lying down affect HR
slows it down
196
how does chronic severe pain affect HR
slows it down
197
how does hypothyroidism affect HR
slows it down
198
how does changing position from lying down to sitting/standing affect HR
speeds it up
199
how does epinephrine affect HR
speeds it up
200
how does levothyroxine affect HR
speeds it up
201
how do beta-adrenergic agonists affect HR
speeds it up
202
how does hyperthyroidism affect HR
speeds it up
203
how does anemia affect HR
speeds it up
204
how does hypoxemia affect HR
speeds it up
205
how does hypovolemia affect HR
speeds it up
206
how does shock affect HR
speeds it up
207
how does heart failure affect HR
speeds it up
208
how does hemorrhage affect HR
speeds it up
209
injury to which part of the brain decreases resp rate and rhythm
brain stem
210
increased resp rate, reg pattern but abnormally deep is called
kussmaul respirations
211
which cranial nerves do you test for the head and neck
V, VII, XI
212
the trigeminal cranial nerve is what number
V
213
what are u assessing when u check cranial nerve V (trigeminal)
face for strength and sensation
214
how to assess cranial nerve V motor function
have pt clench teeth and palpate masseter, temporal muscles & temporomandibular joint
215
how to test sensory function of cranial nerve V
have pt close eyes and touch face gently with wisp of cotton. pt tells u when they feel touch
216
what cranial nerve is the facial nerve
cranial nerve VII
217
what does cranial nerve VII assess
symmetrical facial movement
218
how to assess cranial nerve VII
have pt smile, frown, puff out cheeks, raise eyebrows, close eyes tightly and show teeth
219
how to asses cranial nerve XI
place hands on pts shoulders and have them shrug against resistance
220
which cranial nerve is the optic nerve
cranial nerve II
221
what does cranial nerve II asses
visual acuity and visual fields
222
which cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve
cranial nerve III
223
which cranial nerve is the trochlear nerve
cranial nerve IV
224
which cranial nerve is the abducens nerve
cranial nerve VI
225
what does cranial nerve VI asses
extraocular movements
226
which cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve
cranial nerve III
227
what does cranial nerve III asses
pupillary reaction to light
228
what does cranial nerve V asses
corneal light reflex
229
what does a thyroid bruit indicate
hyperthyroidism
230
test for color blindness
ishihara test
231
which cranial nerve is the olfactory nerve
cranial nerve 1
232
what does cranial nerve I assess
smell
233
what does cranial nerve VIII asses
hearing
234
which cranial nerve is the auditory nerve
cranial nerve VIII
235
which cranial nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve
cranial nerve IX
236
which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve
cranial nerve X
237
what does cranial nerve X assess
the mouth for movement of the soft palate & gag reflex
238
what does cranial nerve XII assess
the tongue for movement and strength
239
where do u place vibrating fork during rinne test
against mastoid bone
240
where do u place vibrating fork during weber test
on top of pts head
241
when is optimal time for breast self exams
4-7 days after menses begins or right after menstruation ends
242
where are the occipital nodes
at the base of the skull
243
where are the postauricular nodes
over the mastoid
244
where are the preauricular nodes
in front of the ear
245
where are the tonsillar nodes
angle of the mandible
246
where are the submandilar nodes
along he base of the mandible
247
where are the submental nodes
midline under the chin
248
where are the anterior cervicle nodes
along the sternocleidomastoid muscle
249
where are the posterior cervicle nodes
posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
250
where are the supraclavicular nodes
above the clavicles
251
what should you have pt do while u palpate thyroid gland
sip water
252
how should you evaluate further if pts thyroid gland is enlarged upon palpation
auscultate for bruits
253
what are you assessing when you test pts visual acuity
distant and near vision
254
what do snellen/rosenbaum charts test
distant vision
255
what do eye covers test
distant vision
extraocular movements
visual fields
256
what do ishihara test
color blindness
257
what do hand held cards test
near vision
258
how to test ocular internal structures
ophthalmoscope
259
impaired far vision (nearsightedness) is called what
myopia
260
what does a snellen chart screen for
myopia
261
how far should pt stand from snellen chart
20 ft
262
what does the first number in snellen chart results mean? (ex. the "20" in 20/30 vision)
distance pt stands from the chart
263
what does the second number in snellen chart results mean? (ex. "30" in 20/30 vision)
distance unimpaired vision can read same line clearly
264
impaired near vision (farsightedness) is called what
presbyopia
265
what does the rosenbaum eye chart screen for
presbyopia
266
how far should rosenbaum eye chart be held away from pts face
14 inches
267
which cranial nerves test for extraocular movements (eye coordination)
III, IV, VI
268
what is saccade
rapid movement of the eyes between fixation points (*sharingan* ignore this)
269
what does the trochlear (CN IV) do
allows your eye to look down, up and back and forth
270
what does the abducens nerve (CN VI) do?
controls lateral movement of eye balls
271
what does the oculomotor nerve (CN III) do?
helps adjust/coordinate eye position during movement
272
what does the optic nerve (CN II) do?
transmits visual information (retina translates light into electrical signal, optic nerve carries info to brain, brain shows images)
273
which cranial nerve does glaucoma effect?
optic nerve (CN II)
274
how to asses visual fields?
have pt cover one eye and check peripheral vision by having them tell when they see fingers coming in from up, down, temporally and nasally)
275
bulging eyes are called
exophthalmos
276
eye crossing is called
strabismus
277
what is ptosis
eyelid drooping
278
where are the lacrimal glands
upper outside of eyelids
279
what is the sclera
white of the eye
280
what is conjunctiva
inside of eyelids and covers sclera
281
what color will sclera be in pts with dark complexions
light yellow with possible brown macules
282
what causes brown spots on sclera
melanin
283
cloudy are in eye lens is called
cataracts
284
how big should pupils be
3-7 mm
285
what does the olfactory nerve (CN I) do
controls sense of smell
286
which cranial nerve controls facial expressions
facial nerve (CN VII)
287
which cranial nerve controls tears
facial nerve (CN VII)
288
which cranial nerve enables swallowing
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
289
what does the auditory/vestibular nerve (CN VIII) control
hearing and balance
290
which cranial nerve controls taste
glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX)
291
what does the vagus nerve (CN X) do
controls parasympathetic nervous system (digestion, HR, BP, mood, speech etc)
292
what does the accessory nerve (CN XI) do
controls shoulder/neck muscle movement
293
what does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) do
controls jaw muscles (biting, chewing), facial, cheeks and scalp sensations
294
what does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) do?
controls tongue
295
which cranial nerve helps you taste food in the back of your tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN XI)
296
which cranial nerve controls the muscle that lifts the larynx and pharynx to allow swallowing
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
297
which cranial nerve controls the gland that decreases saliva production when you're done eating
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
298
where is the soft palate
muscular, non bony part of mouth roof
299
where is the hard palate
bony front part of mouth roof
300
which cranial nerves does the gag reflex test
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) & vagus nerve (CN X)
301
should otoscope speculum be touching the ear canal
no
302
how far into ear canal should otoscope speculum be inserted in ear canal
1-1.5 cm
303
what color should tympanic membranes be
pearly gray
304
how should tympanic membranes look
intact, taut and free from tears
305
asian and native american cerumen will look
dry
306
what color is moist cerumen
light brown to gray
307
which cranial nerve does the whisper test assess
auditory nerve (CN VIII)
308
glare intolerance is an expected change with?
aging
309
delayed pupillary reaction to light is an expected change with?
aging
310
thickening of the tympanic membrane is an expected change with
aging
311
loss of high frequency tone hearing is called
presbycusis
312
loss of all hearing frequencies is called
strial
313
loss of hearing at all frequencies but worse with high frequencies is called
cochlear conductive loss
314
how does voice pitch change with aging
gets higher
315
where do u auscultate the right middle lobe
the axillae
316
how many lobes does the right lung have
3
317
how many lobes does the left lung have
2
318
how to remember intercostal spaces
corresponds with number of the rib above it
319
how to treat gastric dilation with NG tube
lavage
320
how to treat active bleeding with NG tube
lavage
321
how to treat poison ingestio with NG tube
lavage
322
washing out stomach with NG tube is called what
lavage
323
preventing GI or esophageal hemorrage with an internal balloon is called what
compression
324
what NG tube is used for compression
sengstaken-blakemore
325
what NG tube is used for lavage
Ewald, Levin, Salem sump
326
what should you review in pts history before inserting NG tube
nasal problems
anticoagulant use
previous trauma
history of aspiration
327
what sized catheter tipped syringe should be used. forNG tube
30-60 mL
328
what is used to measure gastric secretion acidity
pH test strips
329
what postion should pt be in for NG tube placement
high fowlers
330
what type of gloves should you wear for NG tube placement
clean gloves
331
how should you assess abdomen intraprocedure for NG tube placement
ausculate for bowel sounds
palpate for distension, pain and rigidity
332
what should you do if pt vomits during NG tube placement
clear airway and provide comfort before continuing
333
what is the expected pH of gastric secretions when u check during NG tube placement
4 or less
334
what should you assess gastric secretions for during NG tube placement
ph, odor, color, consistency
335
how. do you confirm NG tube placement
x-ray
336
can you confirm NG tube placement by injecting air into the tube and auscultating over abdomen
no
337
where should you secure NG tube after placement verification
the nose
338
how far should you advance the tube NG tube if its not in the stomach
1-2 in (2.5-5 cm)
339
should you clamp an NG tube
yes
340
should you clamp an NG tube if its connected to a suction device
no
341
can nurses delegate measuring NG tube output?
yes
342
how long is NG tube therapy meant to be
short term
343
how long is gastrostomy or jejunostomy therapy meant to be
longer than 6 weeks
344
how are gastrostomy or jejunostomy tubes inserted
surgically
345
how long are percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy or jejunostony meant for
longer than 6 weeks
346
how are percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy or jejunostomy inserted
endoscopically
347
eneteral access tube syringe size
30-60 mL
348
what equipment should you have available incase of aspiration during enteral feeding
suction equipment
