Hematology Flashcards
How do you measure pcv?
in a capillary tube and centrofuge
bottom= pcv
may have buffy layer = wbc
straw colour = plasma
What does a erythrocyte CBC measure?
RBC conc : how many/vol HGB : total Hg HCT / spun pcv : assess RBC no MCV: mean RBC vol MCH: mean cell Hg (no of Hg in cell) MCHC: mean cell Hg conc (hg/vol) RDW: RBC distribution width
Anaemia classification
mild, moderate, severe
regenerative, non-regenerative
Anaemia and MCV value
Normocytic - normal (non - regenerating)
Microcytic - small pale cells (Fe deficient)
Macrocytic - Large (young regenerating cells)
Anaemia and MCHC value
Normochromic - normal Hg conc
Hypochromic - Low Hg conc (Fe deficient)
Regenerative anaemia
Cause : hemolysis OR hemorrhage
body is responding
Non-regenerative anaemia
body not responding
infl/chronic disease, chronic renal failure (no EPO), decreased production in marrow
What are reticulocytes?
young RBC stained with new methylene blue so the RNA percipitates making dark blue aggregates
What are polychromatophils?
young RBC stained with giemsa so the acidic ribosomal machinary shows up blue and blurry
What is the corrected reticulocyte % and why use it?
retic% x patient pcv/normal pcv
so blood loss/severe anaemia dont affect results (as with normal % would show higher as less blood for same number of retics)
What is the absolute reticulocyte conc?
[RBC] x retic %
What is measured on leukocyte CBC?
Neutrophils - left shift/band , neutrophilia/neutropenia lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils
How can leukaemia be classified?
Acute / chronic
on cell line - myeloid (neutrophils) or lymphoid
What is acute leukaemia?
blast cells in circulation, more likely lymphoid, die soon
What is chronic leukaemia?
long term,
lymphoid - small, mature, lots
myeloid - normal, lots
