Hematology Flashcards
1
Q
Blood volume amounts to how much blood in adults
A
6 quarts
2
Q
plasma amounts to how much
A
50 - 55%
3
Q
what percent of plasma weight is water
A
91%
4
Q
what does albumin do
A
serves as a carrier for molecules for normal components of blood as well as drug that have low solubility in water
5
Q
lymphocytes are seen in what type of infections
A
viral
6
Q
neutrophils are seen in what type of infection
A
bacterial
7
Q
basophils
A
secrete histamine, secretes inflammatory mediators, involves in allergic reactions
8
Q
eosinophils
A
parasites and allergic reactions
9
Q
neutrophils when there is an increased need the bands shift to the
A
left - leukemoid reaction
10
Q
basopenia
A
acute infections, hyperthyroidism, and long term steroid therapy
11
Q
Mono cause
A
EBV
personal contact
12
Q
Incubation period of EBV
A
4- 8 weeks
13
Q
what else is caused by EBV
A
Burrkits lymphoma and Hodgkins lymphoma
14
Q
what are the s/s of mono
A
Fever, pharyngitis, lyphadenopathy
15
Q
what is the test for EBV
A
EBV and monspot
16
Q
what are causes of anemia
A
- bleeding - loss of RBC, acute and chronic
- low bone marrow production of RBC - def in B12, FE, folate)
- Hemolysis - destruction of RBC (sickle cell, thalassemia)
17
Q
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) (RBC size) is values
A
80-100
18
Q
MCH - hemoglobinazation is the
A
RBC color
19
Q
Anisocytosis means
A
different RBC sizes
20
Q
poikylocytosis means different
A
RBC shapes
21
Q
WBC lab value (Wanna buy a Car)
A
5,000 - 10,000
22
Q
RBC (blood)
A
4.5 - 5.5
23
Q
Hemoglobin (oxygen)
A
12 - 18
24
Q
Hematocrit (middle age)
A
37 - 45%
25
Platelete (think china plate)
150 - 400 K
26
Iron deficiency anemia is ______ and _____
microcytic and hypochromic
27
what are the s/s of iron deficiency anemia
```
pallor
fatigue
tachypnea
palpations
***koilonychia** - spoon nails- depression in nails
PICA
Glossitis - tongue swollen and inflammed
** angular stomatitis - red cracked lips**
```
28
what do labs say when someone has iron deficiency anemia
low HGB
Low HCT
Low FE
high TIBC
29
anemia of chronic blood loss the what is increased and what is high
Ferritin decreased and TIBC is high
30
what is the most common anemia in infants and children
iron deficiency anemia
31
siderblastic anemia
excessive accumulation of iron in the mitochondria
32
what does the lab show with siderblast anemia
dimorphic blood smears with microcytes and macrocytes
33
what is the cause of siderblastic anemia
drugs and alcohol
toxins - lead, zinc
nutritional def - copper and pyridoxine
34
Thalassemia is
absence or insufficient goblin chains
35
thalassemia is an autosomal _______ disorder
| It is mainly seen in
recessive
| mediterranean region, Middle East , south east Asia, African
36
what is seen in the blood smear of Thlassemia
basophilic stippling and Poikilocytosis
37
what is the dx test for beta thalassemia
hemoglobin electrophoresis
38
what test is needed to detect alpha - thalasemia
HGB prep or DNA analysis
39
Macrocytic/megablastic anemia is
microcytic, normochromic or hyperchromic
40
microcytic/megaloblastic anemia is a what def
B12/folate deficiency
41
what drugs interfere with B12
metformin
42
what Is the dx for microcytic anemia
Positive IF antibodies serum
43
schillings test does what
distinguishes pernicious anemia from other anemias
44
what are some complications with mesoblastic anemia and B12 deficiency
spacid and flaccid paralysis
| paresthesia of fingers and toes
45
Aplastic anemia is a form of
bone marrow failure
46
aplastic anemia is primary a disease of
young children and younger adults
47
the most common cause of aplastic anemia is
your immune system attacking stem cells in your bone marrow
48
pancytopenia is
lower than normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in your blood
49
Sickle cell disease is and autosomal _____
recessive disorder
50
what is the acute treatment of sickle cell anemia
fluids, oxygen, pain control,
51
what is other treatment for sickle cell anemia
hydroyurea, magnesium
52
what should someone with sickle cell stay up on
flu vaccine
53
Acute myelogeneous Leukemia (AML) usually seen in patients
65 years and older
| more in males
54
what is the primary cause of Acute myelogeneous Leukemia (AML)
prior chemo or radiation
| exposure to chemicals
55
what is seen in bone marrow biopsy with AML
Auer Rods - abnormal red staining or rod like granule inclusions
56
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) who does it affect
most common type of childhood leukemia
57
What happens to bone marrow with ALL
physical crowding
| suppress normal hematopoiesis
58
what is the survival rate for ALL
5 year
| 80%
59
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is seen in adults
25 - 60 year olds
60
what percentage of cases are Philadelphia chromosomes
95%
| Transposition of chromosome 9 and 22
61
chronic lymphocytic leukemia is most common in
adults over 40
62
where does Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia originate
in the B cell
63
what does CLL supress
AB production
64
what is damaged on the cell for someone who has CLL
smudge cells or basket cells
65
polycythemia vera is an
abnormal idiopathic proliferation of RBC in bone marrow
66
what are s/s of Polycythemia vera
increased blood volume and hyperviscosity
splenomegaly , thrombi, infarct
pruritus after warm shower or bath
plethora - ruddy completion in face, palms and nailbeds
67
treatment for polycythemia is
phelebotomy
68
multiple myeloma is due to
large number of malignant plasma cells -Bence Jones proteins
69
Hodgkins lymphoma is mostly found in the
B - cell
70
who is most likely to get Hodgkins lymphoma
2 peaks
30 -40 years old
60-70 years old
71
causes of Hodgkins lymphoma
EBV
72
what are the s/s of Hodgkins lymphoma
painless lymphadenopathy
| B systems - fever, night sweats, weight loss
73
what is present in cells of someone who has Hodgkins lymphoma
Reed Sternberg cells
74
Burkitts lymphoma is a ___ cell lymphoma
B cell
75
causes of Burkitts lymphoma
EBV
76
Burkitts lymphoma mainly affects
African Bl
77
what is seen in Burkitts lymphoma
mass involving the maxilla or mandible
78
biopsy reveals for Burkitts lymphoma a
starry sky pattern
79
Non - Hodgkins lymphoma what do you never give
live vaccines
80
Non - Hodgkins lymphoma is ____ mediated
B cell
81
what are the s/s of non-hodgkins lymphoma
B symptoms fever, night sweats weight loss, indicates a worse prognosis
82
treatment for Non-hodgkins lymphoma
Rituximab AB that attacks B cells
83
what do you not see In non Hodgkins lymphoma labs
lack of reed Sternberg cells
84
hemophilia is an ____ linked trait mainly seen in __
x linked, mainly in males
85
Type A hemophilia is lacking clotting factor
VIII
86
Type B hemophilia is lacking clotting factor
IX
87
Von Willebrands disease is the most common
inherited bleeding disorder - autosomal dominant
88
Labs for Von Willebrands disease show
Increased PTT, PT and Platlet are normal
89
Von willebrands disease causes easy
bruising and bleeding
90
PTT is
intrinsic
91
Pt is
extrinsic
92
PT normal lab value is
| Coumadin
10-13
93
INR lab values
0.9 - 1.3 in normal person
| 2-3 if take coumadin
94
PTT (heparin)
28 - 35
95
DIC is when u have a state of
hypercoagulation, thrombosis, hemorrhage occurring simultaneously
