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Anatomy Mid term > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

sits outside the cell

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2
Q

Nuclues

A

DNA in control center

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3
Q

nucleolus has what in it

A

the DNA and RNA and they are the messanger

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4
Q

mitochondria does what

A

ATP that makes energy for the cell

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5
Q

lysosomes

A

waste management - pick up the trash
clean up
intracellular digestion
auto digestion

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6
Q

peroxisomes

A

break down
oxidative enzymes
destroys fatty acids

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7
Q

centrioles are important in

A

cell division

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly - liquid
maintains structure
storage
eliminates waste

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9
Q

smooth ER

A

no ribosomes - lip
Think of amazon

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10
Q

rough ER

A

protein synthesis

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11
Q

ribosomes

A

Synthesize protein by using RNA

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12
Q

Golgi apparatus what does it do

A

Golgi apparatus (UPS) package the proteins for u and fold the protein and send it out to the cell

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13
Q

cytoskeletal

A

framework, shell shape

gives shape to the structure

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14
Q

vesicles

A

holes that release cells

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15
Q

Cytosol

A

gelatinous , semi liked structure

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16
Q

cells are what kind of water

A

are phospholipid bilayer b/c it has two layers

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17
Q

Meiosis

A

reproduction of gametes

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18
Q

Interphase

A

G1 - gap

S - phase- DNA synthsis

G2 - RNA and protein synthsis

M- Mitosis Occurs

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19
Q

Mitosis divided into four phases

A

Prophase - condensation of chromosome

metaphase - chromosomes meet in the middle

anaphase - chromosomes are pulling apart

teleophase - u see cleavage of cell far away

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20
Q

cytokonisis

A

creating brand new cells

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21
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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22
Q

what is the role of ATP

A

creates a chemical energy

catabolized energy to be transferred

Use - synthesis molecules

muscle contraction and active transport

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23
Q

cell junctions

A

adherens - like a rubber band

desmosomes - anchors

hemidesmosomes - connect only on one side

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24
Q

junctional complex

A

desmosomes

tight junction

gap junctions

connexons

gating

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25
Q

anabolism

A

energy using

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26
Q

catabolism

A

breaking things down

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27
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the

A

mitochondria

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28
Q

Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)

A

converts energy into ATP

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29
Q

Food and production of cellular energy

A

digestion

glycolysis and oxidation

citric acid cycle

oxidative phosphyorylation

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30
Q

passive transport

A

does not require energy

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31
Q

active transport does

A

requires energy - ATP

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32
Q

diffusion

A

goes from greater level of lower concentration

high level to low level

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33
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes things out of blood vessels

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34
Q

osmosis

A

only refers to water

high to low

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35
Q

osmolarity (LARI)

A

measures solute in solution

think of liter

36
Q

osmolality (Lali)

A

KG

37
Q

isotonic

A

same

NS (same concentration)

38
Q

hypertonic

A

to much pressure

(Cell shrink)

39
Q

hypotonic

A

to low

(cells swell up)

Gatorade - swells cells

40
Q

endocytosis

A

take things in

41
Q

phagocytosis

A

enters cells to destroy cells

engulf

42
Q

pinocytosis

A

cell ingestion

43
Q

clarathin mediated

A

engulfs large cells

44
Q

exocytosis

A

expels waste

45
Q

caveolae - mediated

A

functions as an uptake vesicle

important site for signal transduction

46
Q

inside of cell is more _____ charged than outside the cell

A

negative

47
Q

mediated transport can be

A

active or passive transport

48
Q

Symbicort means

A

molecules move in one direction

49
Q

antiport

A

2 molecules move in opposite directions

50
Q

depolarization

A

Go charging up the cell

51
Q

threshold potential

A

get to the point

52
Q

repolarization means

A

coming down

53
Q

refractory period

A

resting phase nothing is working at this time

closed shop for a while

54
Q

meiosis

A

reproduction

55
Q

Reproduction of cells

A

G1 - GAP

S= DNA synthesis

G2 - RNA and protein synthesis

M- Mitosis occurs

56
Q

negative feed back system

A

controlled by receptors if something is going on in body the negative system takes affect by trying to bring your body back to normal by brining systems down

57
Q

positive feed back system

A

thinks are liking together keep going up and down together

we are all alike and positive

58
Q

what is an example of positive feedback system

A

FSH/LH level - hormone rises up and then goes down togethier

labor and delivery - contractions

59
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in cell size and leaves in cell death

60
Q

meiosis

A

formation of haploid and diploid cells

61
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size

62
Q

hyperplasia

A

increased in cell number

63
Q

autoimmune disease who often has the disease

A

female

64
Q

metaplasia

A

reversible replacement of one mature cell for another cell

ex - in lungs after smoking

65
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal changes in cells size and shape, this is irreversible and can lead to cancer

66
Q

hemochromatosis is autosomal _______

A

autosomal recessive

67
Q

Wilsons disease caused by what

A

increased copper accumulation

68
Q

Wilson disease is an autosomal ________ disease

A

recessive

69
Q

How do you excrete copper mainly

A

in bowels

70
Q

Copper binds with what

A

ATP7B

71
Q

with Wilsons disease you can end up with

A

cirrhosis of the liver

brain issues

72
Q

Wilson disease you will see a what in your eye

A

Kayser Fleischer rings around eyes

73
Q

necrosis means

A

cell death

74
Q

plasma membrane is composed mainly of

A

ampithatic molecules

75
Q

Coagulaton necrosis

A

cardiac infarct

76
Q

apotosis

A

programmed cell death

77
Q

coagulative cell death

A

gel like substance

typically affects the liver

78
Q

liquefactive cell dealth

A

typically form a cyst in neurons

79
Q

caseous cell death

A

cheese like

common in TB patients

80
Q

Fat cell death

A

usually in breasts, pancreas

81
Q

gangrene

A

cell death

82
Q

wet gangrene

A

pus fluid filled

83
Q

dry gangrene

A

black, falling off

84
Q

active transport needs

A

NA and K

85
Q

Antiport takes what out of the cell

A

NA and K

86
Q

inside of the cell is more ______ than outside of the cell

A

negative

Anatomy Mid term (17 decks)

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