Electrolytes Flashcards
1
Q
ICF and ECF equal
A
Total body water
2
Q
two thirds of the total body water are within the
A
ICF (28 L)
3
Q
Osmotic pressure
A
draws water in
4
Q
hydrostatic pressure
A
pushes water out
5
Q
hydrostatic pressure
A
pushes the fluid again the artery walls - out
6
Q
osmotic pressure
A
pushes the fluid back in
7
Q
if you have a low oncotic pressure then your
A
hydrostatic pressure goes up
8
Q
ADH - anti - diuretic hormone WHAT DOES IT DO
A
Anti P hormone
retain water
works in the kidney
9
Q
aldosterone what does it do
A
work with the kidney
reabsorbs NA and Potassium
water follows sodium
10
Q
albumin what does it do with
A
oncotic pressure
11
Q
Menieres disease Triad (key symptoms)
A
vertigo
tinnitus
hearing loss
12
Q
What is the causes of Meiners disease
A
fluid changes in ears
allergies
infections
13
Q
what are s/s of meiners
A
sudden onset of N/V
14
Q
how do you test for meiners
A
Romberg , heel toe
15
Q
NA level
A
135-145
16
Q
CL
A
98-108
17
Q
K
A
3.5 - 5
18
Q
Ca
A
8.5 - 12
19
Q
phos
A
3.0 - 4.5
20
Q
MG
A
1.3 - 2.1
21
Q
HCO3
A
22-26 (24 - 28)
22
Q
BUN
A
5-20
23
Q
Glucose
A
70 - 100
24
Q
PH
A
7.35 - 7.45
25
PACO3
35 - 45
26
hyponatremia - causes due to
```
SIADH
CHF
Diuretics
excessive vomiting and diarrhea
whatever can call dehydration
```
27
s/s of hyonatremia
S - stupor
A - anorexia, n/v
L - lethargy
T - tendon reflexes decreased
L - Limb (weakness)
0 - orthostatic hypotension
S - Seizures
S - stomach cramps
28
hypernatremia is
to much sodium
29
what are the s/s of hypernatremia
| FRIED
```
F-fever
R-restleness
I-increased fluid retention
E-edema
D-decreased urine out put
```
30
Causes of Hypernatremia
Steriods
Cushings
dehydration
DI
31
Addisons disease is the
decreased level of cortisol level
32
S/s of addisons
hypopigmentation - on gum line
hypotension
metabolic acidosis
33
Cushings disease is when you have
to much cortisol
34
most common cause of cushings
Tumor
35
s/s of cushings
```
moon face
purple stria
Osteoporosis
buffalo hump
huge body
acne
hirtuism
```
36
hypokalemia
low potassium
37
hyperkalemia
high potassium
38
hypokalemia causes
diuretics
| prolonged vomiting
39
s/s of hypokalemia
muscle weakness and cramps
| arrythmias
40
Hyperkalemia causes
renal failure
Addisons
acidosis
burns
41
s/s of hyperkalemia
tinging, cramps, diarrhea
weakness
cardiac arrest
42
Low potassium s/s
```
COW BRAIN
C- CRAMPING
O - ORAL - N/V
W- WEAKNESS
B - BRADYCARDIA
R - RESP ARREST
A - ARRYTHMIAS
I - ILLEUS
S - NG TUBE SUCTIONING
```
43
HIGH POTASSIUM S/S
```
KS B HIGH
K - KAYEXALLATE
S - SALT SUBSTITUTE
B - BURNS
H - HEMODYALSIS
I - INSULIN
G - GLUCOSE
H - HEART ARREST
```
44
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOKALEMIA
ORAL OR IV K
45
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERKALEMIA
IV CALCIUM GLUCONATE - REDUCES THE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
DIURETICS
ALKALINIZING AGENTS
INSULIN - FACILIATES UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE IN THE CELL WHICH CAUSES AND INTRACELLULAR SHIFT OF POTASSIUM
46
HYPOCALCEMIA
LOW LEVELS OF CALCIUM IN YOUR BONES
47
HYPOCALCEMIA CAUSES
LOW VITAMIN D
| HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
48
S/S OF HYPOCALCEMIA
RICKETS
OSTEOPENIA
MUSCLE WEAKNESS AND TETANY
49
HYPOCALCEMIA IS
TO MUCH CALCIUM IN BONES
50
CAUES OF HYPOCALCEMIA
```
IMMOBILITY
ANTACIDS
PAGETS DISEASE
SARCOIDOSIS
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
```
51
S/S OF HYPOCALCEMIA ARE
MUSCLE AND CARDIAC WEAKNESS
CONSTIPATION
DECREASED ADH
CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS
52
metabolic acidosis found in the
stomach and kidneys
53
what are the PH values
7.35 - 7/45
54
PH when it is below 7.35 it is
acidosis
55
PH above 7.45 means
alkalsos
56
HC03 value is
22 -26 (old)
| 24-28 new
57
Anion gap how do we calculate
Na - (CL+HCO3) =
58
what is the normal anion gap values
10 -12 meq
59
Metabolic acidosis works with what organs
stomach and urine
60
metabolic alkalosis cause
vomiting
NG tube suctioning
low K
to much acid loss leaves us in alkalotic state
61
what does the body due to compensate for metabolic alkalosis
slow and shallow respirations
62
Metabolic acidosis causes
diarrhea
renal failure
DKA
lactic acidosis
63
how does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis
kussmal respirations - rapid deep
64
lactic acidosis can cause
shock and spesis
65
Respiratory acidosis what is respiratory rate
low and slow
66
what is the causes of respiratory acidosis
```
sleep apnea, head trauma, post op
CNS depressants - opoids overdose
alcohol
benzodiazepines
pneumonia
impaired gas exchange
COPD - ASTHMA
```
67
S/S OF RESP ACIDOSIS
MENTAL STATUS CHANGE
ELEVATED PACO2
ELEVATED HCO3
68
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS IS CAUSED BY
HYPERVENTILATION
| PANIC ATTACK
69
S/S OF RESP ALKALOSIS
LOW PAC02
| LOW HCO3
70
WHAT DOES THE BODY TO TO COMPENSATE. FOR RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
THEY NEED TO BREATHE FASTER
71
WHAT DOES THE BODY DO TO COMPENSATE FOR RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
BREATHE SLOWER
