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Anatomy Mid term > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

ICF and ECF equal

A

Total body water

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2
Q

two thirds of the total body water are within the

A

ICF (28 L)

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3
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

draws water in

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4
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes water out

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5
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes the fluid again the artery walls - out

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6
Q

osmotic pressure

A

pushes the fluid back in

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7
Q

if you have a low oncotic pressure then your

A

hydrostatic pressure goes up

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8
Q

ADH - anti - diuretic hormone WHAT DOES IT DO

A

Anti P hormone
retain water
works in the kidney

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9
Q

aldosterone what does it do

A

work with the kidney
reabsorbs NA and Potassium
water follows sodium

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10
Q

albumin what does it do with

A

oncotic pressure

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11
Q

Menieres disease Triad (key symptoms)

A

vertigo
tinnitus
hearing loss

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12
Q

What is the causes of Meiners disease

A

fluid changes in ears
allergies
infections

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13
Q

what are s/s of meiners

A

sudden onset of N/V

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14
Q

how do you test for meiners

A

Romberg , heel toe

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15
Q

NA level

A

135-145

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16
Q

CL

A

98-108

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17
Q

K

A

3.5 - 5

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18
Q

Ca

A

8.5 - 12

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19
Q

phos

A

3.0 - 4.5

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20
Q

MG

A

1.3 - 2.1

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21
Q

HCO3

A

22-26 (24 - 28)

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22
Q

BUN

A

5-20

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23
Q

Glucose

A

70 - 100

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24
Q

PH

A

7.35 - 7.45

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25
Q

PACO3

A

35 - 45

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26
Q

hyponatremia - causes due to

A 
SIADH
CHF
Diuretics
excessive vomiting and diarrhea
whatever can call dehydration
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27
Q

s/s of hyonatremia

A

S - stupor
A - anorexia, n/v
L - lethargy
T - tendon reflexes decreased

L - Limb (weakness)
0 - orthostatic hypotension
S - Seizures
S - stomach cramps

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28
Q

hypernatremia is

A

to much sodium

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29
Q

what are the s/s of hypernatremia

FRIED

A 
F-fever
R-restleness
I-increased fluid retention
E-edema
D-decreased urine out put
30
Q

Causes of Hypernatremia

A

Steriods
Cushings
dehydration
DI

31
Q

Addisons disease is the

A

decreased level of cortisol level

32
Q

S/s of addisons

A

hypopigmentation - on gum line
hypotension
metabolic acidosis

33
Q

Cushings disease is when you have

A

to much cortisol

34
Q

most common cause of cushings

A

Tumor

35
Q

s/s of cushings

A 
moon face
purple stria
Osteoporosis 
buffalo hump
huge body
acne
hirtuism
36
Q

hypokalemia

A

low potassium

37
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high potassium

38
Q

hypokalemia causes

A

diuretics

prolonged vomiting

39
Q

s/s of hypokalemia

A

muscle weakness and cramps

arrythmias

40
Q

Hyperkalemia causes

A

renal failure
Addisons
acidosis
burns

41
Q

s/s of hyperkalemia

A

tinging, cramps, diarrhea
weakness
cardiac arrest

42
Q

Low potassium s/s

A 
COW BRAIN
C- CRAMPING
O - ORAL - N/V
W- WEAKNESS
B - BRADYCARDIA
R - RESP ARREST
A - ARRYTHMIAS
I - ILLEUS
S - NG TUBE SUCTIONING
43
Q

HIGH POTASSIUM S/S

A 
KS B HIGH
K - KAYEXALLATE
S - SALT SUBSTITUTE
B - BURNS
H - HEMODYALSIS
I - INSULIN
G - GLUCOSE
H - HEART ARREST
44
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOKALEMIA

A

ORAL OR IV K

45
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERKALEMIA

A

IV CALCIUM GLUCONATE - REDUCES THE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
DIURETICS
ALKALINIZING AGENTS
INSULIN - FACILIATES UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE IN THE CELL WHICH CAUSES AND INTRACELLULAR SHIFT OF POTASSIUM

46
Q

HYPOCALCEMIA

A

LOW LEVELS OF CALCIUM IN YOUR BONES

47
Q

HYPOCALCEMIA CAUSES

A

LOW VITAMIN D

HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

48
Q

S/S OF HYPOCALCEMIA

A

RICKETS
OSTEOPENIA
MUSCLE WEAKNESS AND TETANY

49
Q

HYPOCALCEMIA IS

A

TO MUCH CALCIUM IN BONES

50
Q

CAUES OF HYPOCALCEMIA

A 
IMMOBILITY
ANTACIDS
PAGETS DISEASE
SARCOIDOSIS
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
51
Q

S/S OF HYPOCALCEMIA ARE

A

MUSCLE AND CARDIAC WEAKNESS
CONSTIPATION
DECREASED ADH
CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS

52
Q

metabolic acidosis found in the

A

stomach and kidneys

53
Q

what are the PH values

A

7.35 - 7/45

54
Q

PH when it is below 7.35 it is

A

acidosis

55
Q

PH above 7.45 means

A

alkalsos

56
Q

HC03 value is

A

22 -26 (old)

24-28 new

57
Q

Anion gap how do we calculate

A

Na - (CL+HCO3) =

58
Q

what is the normal anion gap values

A

10 -12 meq

59
Q

Metabolic acidosis works with what organs

A

stomach and urine

60
Q

metabolic alkalosis cause

A

vomiting
NG tube suctioning
low K
to much acid loss leaves us in alkalotic state

61
Q

what does the body due to compensate for metabolic alkalosis

A

slow and shallow respirations

62
Q

Metabolic acidosis causes

A

diarrhea
renal failure
DKA
lactic acidosis

63
Q

how does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis

A

kussmal respirations - rapid deep

64
Q

lactic acidosis can cause

A

shock and spesis

65
Q

Respiratory acidosis what is respiratory rate

A

low and slow

66
Q

what is the causes of respiratory acidosis

A 
sleep apnea, head trauma, post op
CNS depressants - opoids overdose
alcohol
benzodiazepines
pneumonia
impaired gas exchange
COPD - ASTHMA
67
Q

S/S OF RESP ACIDOSIS

A

MENTAL STATUS CHANGE
ELEVATED PACO2
ELEVATED HCO3

68
Q

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS IS CAUSED BY

A

HYPERVENTILATION

PANIC ATTACK

69
Q

S/S OF RESP ALKALOSIS

A

LOW PAC02

LOW HCO3

70
Q

WHAT DOES THE BODY TO TO COMPENSATE. FOR RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

A

THEY NEED TO BREATHE FASTER

71
Q

WHAT DOES THE BODY DO TO COMPENSATE FOR RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

A

BREATHE SLOWER

Anatomy Mid term (17 decks)

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