hematological system Flashcards

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1
Q

acute hemorrhage

A

correct hemoglobin won’t show up unit 24 hours of hemorrhage.

Loss of 15% or higher = orthostatic hypotension

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2
Q

neutropenia

A

frequent infections

ANC, absolute neutrophil count of

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3
Q

b12 defeciency

A

gradual peripheral neuropathy, ataxia (postive romberg test), loss of vibration sense,.

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4
Q

hodginks lymphoma

A

a cancer of B lymphocytes
pain with injection of alcoholic drinks, painless lymph nodes of the neck.

Common age 20-40yo or >60 yo, while male

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5
Q

multiple myeloma

A

cancer of plasma cells.
The plasma cells are a type of WBC IN BONE MARROW . With this condition, a group of plasma cells becomes cancerous and multiplies.
The disease can damage the bones, immune system, kidneys, and red blood cell count.
Symptoms may not be present or may be non-specific, such as loss of appetite, bone pain, and fever.bone pain in the BACK PAIN or CHEST PAIN
proteinuria with Bence- jones protein

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6
Q

bence jones protein suggested of what?

A

multiple myeloma

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7
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

platelet count

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8
Q

normal platelet count

A

150,000-450,000

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9
Q

normal hemoglobin in males/females

A

males: 14-18 g/dl
females: 12-16g/dl

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10
Q

normal hematocrit males/females

A

males: 42-52%
females: 37-47%

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11
Q

MCV

A

80-100

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12
Q

MCHC

A

color of the RBC

noral: 31-37g/dl

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13
Q

MCH

A

indirect measure of the color of RBC

normal 25-35

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14
Q

TIBC

A

total iron binding capacity
measure of available transferrin left unbent (transferrin transfers iron to the body)
ELEVATED if LOW iron
normal 250-410mcg

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15
Q

Serum ferritin

A

storage form of iron produced in the intestines (spleen, over, marrow)

most SENSITIVE test for iron deficiency anemia

Iron def: decreased

thalassemia: normal to high ( high dt given iron supplements)
normal: 20-400 ng/dl

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16
Q

RDW

A

red cell distribution width. ELEVATED in iron def and thalassemia (variability of RBC size)

17
Q

reticulocytes (aka stabs)

A

immature RBC that still have their nuclei. after 24 hours they mature into RBC. RBC survive 120 days before broken down by the liver.
normal value: .5% - 2.5% of total RBC count

> 2.5%= reticulocytosis. Plateletes make more RBC. elevated with iron supplementation or iron, folate, or b12, acute bleeding, leukemia. NOT WITH CHRONIC BLEED.

if NOT increased, check bone marrow failure ( aplastic amemai)

18
Q

poikilocytosis

A

SEVERE iron def anemia. may be also anisocytoiss (variable sizes)

19
Q

WBC

A

normal value 5,000-10,000/10mm3

20
Q

hemoglobin electrophoresis

A

“gold standard” tests for sickle cell and thalassemia

21
Q

secondary polycythemia

A

copd, chronic smoker, high altitudes

22
Q

anemia

A
23
Q

iron def. anemia

A

1 cause: BLOOD LOSS

microcytic
hypochromic

24
Q

classic case of iron def anemia

A

pallor of skin, nail beds, glossitis (sore and shiny red tongue), angular chelitis (skin fissure corner of mouth), cravings for ice and dirt (pica)

SEVERE: koilonychia (spoon shaped nails), systolic murmur, tachy, heart failure

25
Q

labs for iron def

A

dsg test:
TIBC (>410)
>RDW

microcytic

26
Q

thalassemia minor

A

microcytic, hypochromic

Ferritin increase or normal

27
Q

normacytic anemia

A

MCV 80-100, normochromic
hx of chronic disease
or inflammatory disease (RA)

28
Q

b12 /folate def/pernicious anemia (b12)

A

macrocytic, megaloblastic RBC

normochromic

29
Q

supplementation of iron

A

325mg ferrous sulfate. po TID, take with meals, with vitC
increase fiver and fluids
iron rich foods (beans, veges)
AVOID: ANTACIDS, daily, quiolones, tetracycline

30
Q

thalassemia minor or trait

A

if partner also has treat, 25% chance to children
beta thalassemia, abnormal hgb, a2, hgbF
NORMAL to HIGH ferritin level

31
Q

pernicious anemia cause

A

autoimmune, destruction of parietal cells in the funds resulting in cessation of intrinsic factor production, necessary to absorb b12 from the small intestine.

b12 sources; meal, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese

Neuropathic s/s (numbness, tingling,

32
Q

if MCV >100 what to order

A

b12 and folate

33
Q

b12 def s/s

A

ONLY one with neurologic s/s (tingling/numb)

34
Q

ferritin and serum iron level in thalassmia

A

norm to high