Hema Flashcards
sicke cell anemia
african american descent
microcytic hypochromic anemia
-need oxygen & hydration
-may need blood transfusion
-do not elevate HOB above 30° & extremities extended
-antibiotics as prophylaxis
-analgesics for joint pain
-vaccinate: pneumococcal, meningococcal, flu
-splenectomy if recurring splenic sequestration
sickle turbidity test
fingerstick blood extraction
3min result
if +, further tested if only carrier or w/ the disease
thru Hgb Electrophoresis
hemophilia
-treatment of clotting factor deficiency
(VIII - A/Classic, IX - B/Christmas)
-female carriers, male w/ disease
-corticosteroid & vasopressin derivative
-bleeding tendencies
💀joint bleeding: apply ice, elevate, immobilize
💀intracranial hemorrhage: neurological status
💀internal bleeding: bruising
💀hematuria
*avoid contact sports
*wear helmet, knee & elbow pads
von Willebrands Disease
bleeding in mucous membrane
epistaxis, excessive menstrual bleeding, gum bleeding, easy bruising
-deficiency of the protein carrier of clot factor VIII
same treatment w/ hemophilia
types of thalassemia
- Thalassemia Minor: Asymptomatic silent carrier
*Thalassemia Trait: Produces mild microcytic anemia
*Thalassemia Intermedia: splenomegaly and moderate to severe anemia
*Thalassemia Major: severe anemia requiring transfusion support to sustain life (also known as Cooley’s anemia)
thalassemia major
*bone deformities
-Frontal bossing
-Maxillary prominence
-Wide-set eyes with a flattened nose
also
*Greenish yellow skin tone
*Hepatosplenomegaly
*severe anemia
*Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells
both parents are carriers (genetic counseling)
-mediterranean descent
-supportive therapy thru blood transfusions
-bone marrow transplantation
-splenectomy for severe splenomegaly
-chelation for iron overload
liquid iron
taken with a straw or medicine dropper
at the back of the mouth
wipe or brush teeth
in between meals (not during or before: food decreases absorption)
Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
Caused by stasis of blood with clumping of cells in the microcirculation, ischemia, and infarction
Manifestations: Fever; painful swelling of hands, feet, and joints; and abdominal pain
Splenic Sequestration
Caused by pooling and clumping of blood in the spleen (hypersplenism)
Manifestations: Profound anemia, hypovolemia, and shock
Hyperhemolytic Crisis
An accelerated rate of red blood cell destruction
Manifestations: Anemia, jaundice, and reticulocytosis
Aplastic Crisis
Caused by diminished production and increased destruction of red blood cells, triggered by viral infection or depletion of folic acid
Manifestations: Profound anemia and pallor
chelation
derasirox or deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: antidote for acute iron toxicity
meperidine
may cause seizure in sickle cell anemia & should not be given
iron supplements
-Take between meals
-Take with a multivitamin or fruit juice: vitamin C increases absorption
-Do not take with milk or antacids -Side effects of iron supplements (black stools, constipation, and foul aftertaste).
severe iron deficiency anemia
microcytic hypochromic anemia
Intramuscular injections of iron (using Z-track method) or
IV administration of iron
