Endo & Metabolic Flashcards
fever
assess temp 30min to 1hr after antipyretic
sponge bath for 20 to 30min then reassess temp after 30min
❌no alcohol: peripheral vasoconstriction
✅ ibu
❌ aspirin-risk for Reye’s syndrome
dehydration
MILD to MOD: ORS or pedialyte
SEVERE: NPO and fluid replacement thru IV
if K is prescribed for IV, ensure the child has voided before admininstration
phenylketonuria
genetic disorder
-toxic levels of phenylalanine in blood damages the CNS
All children:
digestive problems
seizures
musty odor of urine
mental retardation
older children
eczema
hypertonia
hypopigmentation
hyperactive behavior
newborn screening:
if + before age 48hrs,
rescrewb at age 14days
foods rich in phenylalanine
high protein foods (meat, dairy)
aspartame (diet drinks, chewing gum, gelatin, ice cream, breakfast cereal, toothpaste and medications such as cough drops and chewable vitamins)
food items to treat hypoglycemia
▪ ½ cup of orange juice or sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage
▪ 8 oz of milk
▪ 1 small box of raisins
▪ 3 or 4 hard candies
▪ 4 sugar cubes (1 Tbsp of sugar)
▪ 3 or 4 Life savers candies
▪ 1 candy bar
▪ 1 tsp honey
▪ 2 or 3 glucose tablets
interventions for hypoglycemiag
▪ If possible, confirm hypoglycemia with a blood glucose reading.
▪ Administer glucose immediately; rapid-releasing glucose is followed by a complex carbohydrate and protein, such as a slice of bread or a peanut butter cracker.
▪ Give an extra snack if the next meal is not planned for more than 30 minutes or if activity is planned.
▪ If the child becomes unconscious, squeeze cake frosting or glucose paste onto the gums and retest the blood glucose level in 15 minutes (monitor the child closely); if the reading remains low, administer additional glucose.
▪ If the child remains unconscious, the administration of glucagon may be necessary.
▪ In the hospital, prepare to administer dextrose intravenously if the child is unable to consume an oral glucose product.
blood glucose ________
urine glucose ________
reliable
only for ketones leading DKA
Sick Day Rules for a Diabetic Child
▪ Always give insulin, even if the child does not have an appetite.
▪ Test blood glucose levels at least every 4 hours.
▪ Test for urinary ketones with each voiding.
▪ Notify the PHCP if moderate or large amounts of urinary ketones are present.
▪ Follow the child’s usual meal plan.
▪ Encourage liquids to aid in clearing ketones.
▪ Encourage rest, especially if urinary ketones are present.
▪ Notify the PHCP if vomiting, fruity odor to the breath, deep rapid respirations, decreasing level of consciousness, or persistent hyperglycemia occurs.
hypopituitarism vs hyperpituitarism
hypo
-GH & Gonadotropic Hormones (LH, FSH)
hyper
-GH
stereotactic radiosurgery/ hypophysectomy
