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NCLEX Saunders > Growth & Development > Flashcards

Growth & Development Flashcards

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1
Q

psychosocial development

A

Erik Erikson
TAIIIIGI
trust vs mistrust HOPE
autonomy vs shame&doubt WILL
intitiative vs guilt PURPOSE
industry vs inferiority COMPETENCY
identity vs confusion FIDELITY
intimacy vs isolation LOVE
generativity vs stagnation CARE
integrity vs despair WISDOM

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2
Q

cognitive development
assimilation vs accommodation

A

jean piaget

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

assimilation: relate new to whats already known
accommodation: change schema to add new

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3
Q

moral development

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

Level 1 Preconventional
Stage 0 Egocentric Judgment
Stage 1 Punishment Obedience
Stage 2 Instrumental Relativist

Level 2 Conventional
Stage 3 Good Boy or Nice Girl
Stage 4 Law & Order

Level 3 Postconventional
Stage 5 Social Contract & Legalistic
Stage 6 Universal Ethical Principles

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4
Q

psychosexual development

A

Sigmund Freud

Oral
Anal (toilet training)
Phallic (oedipus & electra complex)
Latency
Genital

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5
Q

agencies of mind

A

Sigmund Freud

Id : pleasure principle
Ego : reality principle
Superego : conscience & ego, parents & society

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6
Q

level of awareness

A

Sigmund Freud

unconscious
preconscious (subconscious)
conscious

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7
Q

Separation Anxiety

A

protest
despair
detachment (not a sign of contentment but result of prolonged separation)

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8
Q

loss of control

A

regression
change of behaviors: toiletting, sleeping, feeding, playing

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9
Q

interventions for hospitalized infants&toddlers

A

Infant
-provide,cuddles & touch, pacificier for npo

Toddler
-provide choices, allow mobility & expression of protest
-approach w/ positive attitude
-provide familiar & comforting object
-accept regression w/o ridicule
-play therapy
-anticipate temper tantrums and acting out

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10
Q

interventions of hospitalized preschool

A

-Allow to express anger
-Acknowledge fears and anxieties. -Accept regressive behavior -Encourage rooming-in or leaving a favorite toy
-Allow mobility and provide play and diversional activities
-Place with other children of the same age if possible
-Encourage to be independent
-Explain procedures simply, on the preschooler’s level
-Avoid intrusive procedures when possible
-Allow the wearing of underpants

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11
Q

interventions of hospitalized school age

A

-encourage rooming-in
-Focus on abilities and needs
-be involved with his or her own care. -Accept regression but encourage independence
-Provide choices
-Allow expression of feelings verbally and nonverbally
-Acknowledge fears and concerns and allow for discussion
-Explain all procedures, using body diagrams or outlines
-Provide privacy
-Allow to wear underpants
-Encourage to contact friends
-Provide for educational needs
-Use appropriate interventions to relieve pain.

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12
Q

interventions of hospitalized adolescent

A

-Encourage questions about appearance and effects of the illness on the future
-Encourage to wear their own clothes an carry out normal grooming activities
-Allow favorite foods to be brought into the hospital if possible
-Provide privacy
-Use body diagrams to prepare for procedures
-Introduce them to other adolescents in the nursing unit if appropriate and possible
-Encourage maintaining contact with peer groups
-Provide for educational needs
-Help develop positive coping mechanisms

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13
Q

car safety seat

A

infants
rear facing convertible
1yo
front facing convertible
8 to 12 yo
belt-positioning booster seat
12yo above
seatbelt

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14
Q

kyphosis

A

convexity in the spine curvature/dowagers hump

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15
Q

low pitched voice

A

better for presbycusis

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16
Q

family meetings to make decisions of end of life care
avoid contact w/ the dying

A

native americans

17
Q

-family makes decisions and may request to withhold the diagnosis or prognosis from the client. -Extended-family members often are involved in end-of-life care
-Several family members may be at the dying client’s bedside
-Vocal expression of grief and mourning is acceptable and expected. -Members may refuse procedures that alter the body, such as autopsy. -Dying at home may be considered bad luck

A

hispanic & latini

18
Q

-Family members usually make decisions about care and often do not tell the client the diagnosis or prognosis.
-Dying at home may be considered bad luck
-Organ donation may not be allowed

A

asian american

19
Q

-Members discuss issues with the spouse or older family member
-elders held in high respect
-Open displays of emotion are common and accepted
-Many prefer to die at home

A

african american

20
Q

-A shrine to Buddha in the client’s room
-Time for meditation at the shrine is important and should be respected. -refuse medications that may alter their awareness (e.g., opioids)
-After death, a monk may recite prayers for 1 hour (need not be done in the presence of the body). -Buddhists in the United States encourage organ donation and consider it an act of mercy.

A

buddhism

21
Q

-tying a thread around the neck or wrist of the dying person, sprinkling the person with special water, and placing a leaf of basil on the person’s tongue
-After death, the sacred threads are not removed, and the body is not washed
-Some prefer cremation and desire to cast the ashes in a holy river

A

hinduism

22
Q

-A client on life support should remain so until death
-A dying person should not be left alone (a rabbi’s presence is desired)
-Autopsy and cremation are usually not allowed
-oppose prolonging life after irreversible brain damage.

A

judaism

23
Q

-Second-degree male relatives such as cousins or uncles should be the contact people and determine whether the client or family should be given information about the client
-choose to face Mecca (west or southwest in the United States)
-head should be elevated above the body
-Discussions about death usually are not welcomed
-Stopping medical treatment is against the will of Allah (Arabic word for God)
-Grief may be expressed through slapping or hitting the body
-If possible, only a same-sex Muslim should handle the body after death; if not possible, non-Muslims should wear gloves so as not to touch the body

A

islam

24
Q

-not allowed to receive a blood transfusion
-believe that the soul cannot live after the body has died.

A

jehova’s witness

25
Q

-No last rites are provided
-Prayers are given to offer comfort and support

A

protestants

26
Q

A sacrament may be administered if the client requests it

A

mormons
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

27
Q

-A priest anoints the sick
-Other sacraments before death include reconciliation and Holy Communion

A

catholics & orthodox

28
Q

-Funerals are conducted in the home without a eulogy, flower decorations, or any other display
-caskets are plain and simple, without adornment
-At death, a woman is usually buried in her bridal dress
-One is believed to live on after death, with either eternal reward in heaven or punishment in hell
-permit organ donation with the exception of heart transplants (the heart is the soul of the body)

A

amish

NCLEX Saunders (16 decks)

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